ABSTRACT
Mycoplasma genitalium is a sexually transmitted infection ordinarily treated with azithromycin. Emerging resistance to macrolide is linked to mutations in the 23S rRNA gene. We analysed the frequency of such mutations of M. genitalium isolates from patients that were symptomatic, and from sexual partners of symptomatic individuals, from October to December of 2015, in the Skåne Region of Sweden. Mutations were analysed by the use of DNA sequencing. Overall, 11.9% (145/1,311) and 17.0% (116/704) of females and males were positive for M. genitalium, respectively. Macrolide resistant mutations were detected in 13% (31/239) of M. genitalium isolates from first-test patient samples. Twenty-one (8.8%) and 10 (4.2%) of the isolates had point mutations of the 23S-gene at position 2072 and 2071, respectively. Two different M. genitalium isolates were detected simultaneously in two cases. In summary, we found a relatively low rate of macrolide-resistant M. genitalium in the region of Southern Sweden.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics , Macrolides/therapeutic use , Mutation , Mycoplasma Infections/drug therapy , Mycoplasma genitalium/drug effects , Mycoplasma genitalium/genetics , Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial/drug therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , DNA Mutational Analysis , Female , Genotype , Humans , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Middle Aged , Mycoplasma Infections/epidemiology , Mycoplasma Infections/microbiology , Mycoplasma Infections/transmission , Retrospective Studies , Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial/epidemiology , Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial/microbiology , Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial/transmission , Sweden/epidemiology , Young AdultSubject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Syphilis Serodiagnosis , Syphilis/diagnosis , Syphilis/drug therapy , Treponema pallidum/drug effects , Treponema pallidum/immunology , Adult , Biomarkers/blood , Humans , Male , Predictive Value of Tests , Syphilis/microbiology , Time Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Monitoring of condylomas is an early evidence of population effectiveness of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programs. If reporting could include HPV typing, the contribution by vaccine HPV types to condyloma burden could be monitored. METHODS: A sentinel site for reporting of condyloma including HPV typing was established at the Centre for Sexual Health in Malmö, Sweden. In 2006 to 2009, when there were few HPV vaccines, 621 subjects with condyloma were reported and HPV genotyped. RESULTS: Ninety-four percent of the condylomas contained genital HPV types. Thirty-five different genital HPV types were identified, with HPV6 (62%), HPV16 (13%), and HPV11 (10%) being the most common. At least 1 of the 4 HPV types in the HPV6/11/16/18 vaccine was detected in 77%. High-risk HPV types were more common in females (45%) than among males (27%) (odds ratio, 1.9; confidence interval, 1.3-2.8). Extended testing among subjects initially negative for HPV found 21 patients with cutaneous types of HPV, including a novel type (HPV153). CONCLUSIONS: This report provides a baseline distribution of HPV types in condylomas before the introduction of an HPV vaccination program in this population. Human papillomavirus typing is feasible in routine condyloma reporting.
Subject(s)
Alphapapillomavirus , Condylomata Acuminata/prevention & control , Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control , Papillomavirus Vaccines , Population Surveillance , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control , Adolescent , Aged , Alphapapillomavirus/immunology , Alphapapillomavirus/isolation & purification , Condylomata Acuminata/epidemiology , Female , Genotyping Techniques , Human papillomavirus 11 , Human papillomavirus 16 , Human papillomavirus 18 , Human papillomavirus 6 , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology , Pilot Projects , Public Health , Sweden/epidemiology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In 2006, a new genetic variant of Chlamydia trachomatis (nvCT) was discovered in Sweden. Clinical manifestations of this infection were studied in a high-risk population. METHODS: During 2007, a prospective case-control study on sexual lifestyle and urogenital infections was performed at the Centre for Sexual Health (CSH), affiliated to Malmo University Hospital. A total of 629 C. trachomatis positive cases and 1252 negative controls were included. At Malmo University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, all cases of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) were assessed and correlated to the prevalence of nvCT. RESULTS: Patients with nvCT or wild type C. trachomatis (wtCT) infection did not differ regarding their sexual lifestyle. Men with nvCT or wtCT infection did not differ in uro-genital symptoms or clinical findings. Women with nvCT infection reported painful urination (12.2% vs. 25.8%, P = 0.02) and were diagnosed with urethritis (11.1% vs. 40.0%, P = 0.04) less often than women with wtCT infection. The ratio of lower abdominal pain in women with nvCT infection was only half of that in women with wtCT infection (13.4% vs. 27.8%, P = 0.02). PID was detected in 0.8% of women with C. trachomatis infection in Malmo. All these cases were due to wtCT infection. CONCLUSIONS: Symptomatic urethral infection and lower abdominal pain was less common in women with nvCT as compared to wtCT. Infection with nvCT was more frequently asymptomatic suggesting a possible difference in virulence between the nvCT strain and the wtCT strain.
