ABSTRACT
A novel forced-air ventilation system for rodent cages was developed. The apparatus was operated at an air flow rate of 56 L/min when used with a 230 mm wide X 450 mm long X 165 mm deep cage. Air velocity measurements in the cage did not exceed 8 m/min at animal (rat) height. The average NH3 concentration in a cage which housed two 250 g rats was less than 0.3 ppm at the end of the third day, whereas the concentration measured in a cage without the forced-air ventilation system was 150 ppm after 3 days. Tests of the water content of soiled bedding showed the forced-air ventilation system to provide a much drier environment for the rodents.
Subject(s)
Animal Husbandry/instrumentation , Animals, Laboratory , Rodentia , Ammonia/analysis , Animals , Ventilation , Water/analysisABSTRACT
Intravenous inoculation of Streptobacillus moniliformis into mice resulted in an infection in which the predominant feature was progressive polyarthritis that rendered some joints immobile within 6 months. No migration of arthritis from joint to joint or remission and exacerbation were apparent. Viable organisms were apparently removed by the host from blood, liver, and spleen within 28 days post inoculation but persisted in joints for approximately 6 months in some animals. Specific antibody was detectable by complement fixation 7 days post-inoculation and persisted throughout the course of the disease. The inflammatory responses, which was initiated by the appearance of neutrophils in the joint space within 24 h of inoculation, culminated in obliteration of the joint space by fibrosis and exostosis.
Subject(s)
Arthritis, Infectious/etiology , Bacterial Infections/pathology , Animals , Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis , Arthritis, Infectious/pathology , Female , Inflammation , Joints/microbiology , Male , Mice , Streptobacillus/immunology , Streptobacillus/isolation & purification , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Penicillic Acid (PA) and Ochratoxin A (OA) are toxic fungal metabolites that are synergistic in combination. This interaction was investigated using mice which were doses orally as follows: control, none; solvent control, 0.2 ml bicarbonate buffer; PA, 40 mg/kg; OA, 10 mg/kg and combination, 40 mg/kg PA + 10 mg/kg OA. The only significant histopathologic change observed was an acute multifocal toxic tubular nephrosis which appeared most severe in the combination-treated mice killed on day 10. While the combination group had a death rate of 20% (5/25), no deaths occurred in the other treatment groups. The increased death rate and the extensive nephrotoxic findings in the combination group indicate a toxic interaction between OA and PA at sublethal dose levels and is consistent with a renal site of action.
Subject(s)
Caproates/pharmacology , Ochratoxins/pharmacology , Penicillic Acid/pharmacology , Animals , Body Weight/drug effects , Drug Synergism , Kidney/pathology , Male , Mice , Organ Size/drug effects , Tissue DistributionABSTRACT
A case of chronic granulocytic leukemia was diagnosed in a ten year old miniature poodle and was observed for four and one half years. Methods of diagnosis and characteristic features are described. A persistent granulocytosis with a preponderance of mature forms and the absence of a detectable underlying pyogenic process were key diagnostic features which enabled distinction of this neoplastic process from acute granylocytic leukemia and a leukemoid reaction. Other features included dysplastic granulocytes in various developmental stages, marginal anemia and hyperplastic bone marrow (myeloid elements). No blast crisis occurred. This dog was euthanatized in August 1975.
Subject(s)
Dog Diseases , Leukemia, Myeloid/veterinary , Animals , Bone Marrow/pathology , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Dog Diseases/pathology , Dogs , Leukemia, Myeloid/diagnosis , Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology , Male , Spleen/pathologyABSTRACT
Thirteen cases of a spontaneous neuropathy were observed among 150 free-ranging Japanese snow monkeys (Macaca fuscata). Necropsy of 4 individuals revealed lesions in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Pathologic changes were associated with ingestion of coyotillo berries (Karwinskia humboldtiana).
