Nurses' experiences of the attributes of the organizational citizenship behavior: a qualitative content analysis.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) among nurses, as the key human resources in healthcare systems, is of paramount importance to nursing care quality and patient outcomes. The present study was to reflect on Iranian nurses' experiences of OCB. METHODS: This qualitative study was completed in Iran from December 2022 to October 2023. In total, 20 nurses involved in hospitals, meeting the inclusion criteria, were recruited by purposive sampling with maximum variation. The data were then collected using 20 semi-structured interviews, each one lasting 30-60 min, and finally analyzed through qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: The data analysis revealed the nurses' experiences of OCB under nine subcategories and three main categories, including (i) "helping behavior", comprised of four subcategories of helping colleagues at work, helping colleagues outside of work, boosting morale, and creating a culture of support and appreciation, (ii) "extra-role behavior" with two subcategories of cooperation in advancing tasks, and creativity and efforts to promote services, and (iii) "contribution to professional growth and development", consisting of two subcategories of individual professional development and support for colleagues' professional development. CONCLUSION: Nursing managers and instructors can use the study results to enhance nurses' OCB by evaluating and employing nurses, and incorporating OCB into nursing curricula and continuous training programs.

Adults' perceived health promotion needs in the prediabetes stage: a meta-synthesis study.

Introduction: One of the methods to promote pre-diabetic patients' adherence to preventive behaviors and improving their lifestyle is to pay attention to their needs in the designed educational programs. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of identifying the needs of individuals with prediabetes. Methodology: Three databases, including ISI/Web of Sciences, PubMed, Scopus were searched without time limitation until August 2022. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool. This study was reported according to the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research guidelines and to achieve the research goal, Sandelowski and Barroso's seven-step meta-synthesis method (2007) was used. Thematic synthesis was used to analyses the data. Results: Out of the 1934 studies obtained, 34 studies were finally examined and 805 codes were recorded based on the extracted data. Through synthesizing and analyzing the primary studies, 8 main themes were extracted regarding individuals' needs in the prediabetes stage: Information needs, Cultural needs, psychological needs, Social support needs, Education needs, Financial needs, Service needs and Skill needs. Discussion and Conclusions: The perceived needs and their types in each of the dimensions in detail can be a proper guide for designing educational programs and various interventions to control the prediabetes condition, leading to a reduction in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the society.

The Effect of an educational Intervention on Anxiety of Pregnant Women: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of study is the effect of educational intervention on anxiety of pregnant women. METHODS: This quasi-experimental study is done on the pregnant women referring to family physicians offices in Gerash City, Iran. 62 women were selected and divided into 2 groups (control and intervention). In intervention group the anxiety reduction training classes were held as a group discussion in 4 weekly 90-minute sessions. Control group received routine care. The anxiety assessment completed by two groups before and after the educational intervention. The measurement instruments included a demographic information questionnaire and the short form of the Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire (PRAQ-17). RESULTS: Comparison of the mean scores of different dimensions of pregnancy anxiety in the pre-intervention and post-intervention stages in the intervention group using paired t-test indicated a statistically significant difference in the dimensions Fear of childbirth, Fear of giving birth to a physically or mentally disabled child, Fear of mood swings and Fear of changes in marital relations (p < 0.05) in comparison with control group. CONCLUSIONS: Holding pregnancy-training classes using group discussion method is a good strategy to reduce anxiety in pregnant women. Therefore, it is recommended that this educational strategy classes be used with mothers from the second trimester of pregnancy in urban family physician centers or those referred to a nearby clinic.

Comparative Study of the Incidence of Port Site Infection in Disposable Ports and Reprocessed Disposable Ports in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.

INTRODUCTION: Port site infection (PSI) is a rare complication of laparoscopic surgery that can reduce the benefits of this minimally invasive surgery and increase postoperative complications. As a variety of disposable ports (single-use ports) and reprocessed ports are used in laparoscopic surgeries, this study was conducted to compare the incidence of PSI in disposable ports and reprocessed disposable ports in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, 473 patients were studied. Two hundred fifteen and two hundred fifty eight were in the disposable port group and reprocessed disposable port group, respectively. The demographic characteristics and incidence of superficial and deep infection were evaluated using the researcher-made checklist of infection assessment standards at intervals of 3 to 5 and 5 to 14 days following LC using call and physical examination on day 14. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and statistical tests in SPSS software. RESULTS: The incidence of PSI, 3 to 5 and 5 to 14 days after surgery in the reprocessed disposable port group was significantly higher than that in the disposable ports group. In both groups, all PSI accrued in the epigastric port area (where the gallbladder was removed) ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: On the basis of the results, our study suggests using disposable ports instead, and in the case of using reprocessed disposable ports in LC, upgrading of disinfection and sterilization techniques is necessary.

The Effect of an educational Intervention on Anxiety of Pregnant Women: A Quasi-Experimental Study / El efecto de una intervención educativa sobre la ansiedad de las mujeres embarazadas: Un estudio cuasi experimental / O efeito de uma intervenção educativa na ansiedade de gestantes: um estudo quase experimental

Objective. The aim of study is the effect of educational intervention on anxiety of pregnant women. Methods. This quasi-experimental study is done on the pregnant women referring to family physician's offices in Gerash City, Iran. 62 women were selected and divided into 2 groups (control and intervention). In intervention group the anxiety reduction training classes were held as a group discussion in 4 weekly 90-minute sessions. Control group received routine care. The anxiety assessment completed by two groups before and after the educational intervention. The measurement instruments included a demographic information questionnaire and the short form of the Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire (PRAQ-17). Results. Comparison of the mean scores of different dimensions of pregnancy anxiety in the pre-intervention and post-intervention stages in the intervention group using paired t-test indicated a statistically significant difference in the dimensions Fear of childbirth, Fear of giving birth to a physically or mentally disabled child, Fear of mood swings and Fear of changes in marital relations (p < 0.05) in comparison with control group. Conclusion. Holding pregnancy-training classes using group discussion method is a good strategy to reduce anxiety in pregnant women. Therefore, it is recommended that this educational strategy classes be used with mothers from the second trimester of pregnancy in urban family physician centers or those referred to a nearby clinic.

Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de una intervención educativa sobre la ansiedad de las mujeres embarazadas. Métodos. Estudio cuasi-experimental realizado con la participación de mujeres embarazadas que acuden a las consultas de los médicos de familia en la ciudad de Gerash, Irán. Se seleccionaron 62 mujeres y se dividieron en 2 grupos (control e intervención). En el grupo de intervención, las clases de entrenamiento para la reducción de la ansiedad se impartieron en forma de debate grupal en 4 sesiones semanales de 90 minutos. El grupo de control recibió atención rutinaria. Los dos grupos completaron la evaluación de la ansiedad antes y después de la intervención educativa. Los instrumentos de medición incluían un cuestionario de información sociodemográfica y la forma corta del Cuestionario de Ansiedad Relacionada con el Embarazo (PRAQ-17). Resultados. La comparación de las puntuaciones medias de las distintas dimensiones de la ansiedad durante el embarazo en las etapas previa y posterior a la intervención en el grupo de estudio indicó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en las dimensiones Miedo al parto, Miedo a dar a luz a un niño discapacitado física o mentalmente, Miedo a los cambios de humor, y Miedo a los cambios en las relaciones conyugales (p < 0.05), en comparación con el grupo de control. Conclusión. La realización de clases de formación durante el embarazo utilizando el método de discusión en grupo es una buena estrategia para reducir la ansiedad en las mujeres embarazadas. Por lo tanto, se recomienda que esta estrategia educativa se emplee con las madres desde el segundo trimestre del embarazo en los centros de medicina de familia o a aquellas que sean derivadas a la consulta externa.

Objetivo. Avaliar o efeito de uma intervenção educativa sobre a ansiedade em gestantes. Métodos. Estudo quase experimental realizado com a participação de gestantes atendidas em consultórios médicos de família na cidade de Gerash, Irã. 62 mulheres foram selecionadas e divididas em 2 grupos (controle e intervenção). No grupo de intervenção, as aulas de treinamento de redução de ansiedade foram ministradas como uma discussão em grupo e em 4 sessões semanais de 90 minutos. O grupo de controle recebeu cuidados de rotina. Ambos os grupos completaram a avaliação da ansiedade antes e após a intervenção educativa. Os instrumentos de medida incluíram um questionário de informações sociodemográficas e a versão curta do Questionário de Ansiedade Relacionada à Gravidez (PRAQ-17). Resultados. A comparação das pontuações médias das diferentes dimensões da ansiedade durante a gravidez nas etapas antes e após a intervenção no grupo de estudo indicou diferença estatisticamente significativa nas dimensões; medo do parto, medo de dar à luz um filho com deficiência física ou mental, medo de mudanças de humor e medo de mudanças nas relações conjugais (p < 0,05), em comparação com o grupo de controle. Conclusão. A realização de aulas de capacitação durante a gravidez utilizando o método de discussão em grupo é uma boa estratégia para reduzir a ansiedade em gestantes. Portanto, recomenda-se que essa estratégia educativa seja utilizada com mães a partir do segundo trimestre de gestação em centros de medicina de família ou com aquelas que são encaminhadas ao ambulatório.

The effect of lavender herbal tea on the anxiety and depression of the elderly: A randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of depression and anxiety is increasing among the elderly around the world. It is believed that lavender can stabilize the people's mood, so this study was designed to evaluate the effect of lavender on anxiety and depression of the elderly. METHODS: This study was a single blind clinical trial with a control group. The participants in the study consisted of 60 elderly subjects (30 in each group) who referred to the Health Center of Larestan city in the south of Iran in 2019. The intervention consisted of using 2 g of lavender teabag, which was prescribed to be used 2 times as decoction in the morning and night. The duration of the intervention was 2 weeks. The eligible participants were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups using balanced block randomization with a block size of ten. The control group did not receive any placebo. Data collection tools in this study included demographic information questionnaire, Beck Depression and Spiel Berger Anxiety Inventory. Chi-square test and independent t-test were used to analyze the data. The significance level was considered 5 %. RESULTS: The two groups were similar in terms of age, gender, educational level and marital status and there was no significant difference. The mean score of depression in the intervention group before and after drinking lavender herbal tea was 17.80 ±â€¯1.49 and 16.33 ±â€¯1.49, respectively. The mean score of depression between intervention and control groups after drinking herbal tea were 16.33 ±â€¯1.49 and 18.33 ±â€¯1.84, respectively. This indicated the effect of herbal tea on reducing depression (P < 0.001). Also, mean difference of intervention and control groups after drinking herbal tea in terms of depression and anxiety (state and trait) were (-2.00, 95 % CI (-2.86, -1.13)), (-6.40, 95 % CI (-9.43, -3.36)) and (-4.13, 95 % CI (-7.66, -0.60)), respectively. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study showed that consumption of lavender herbal tea can reduce depression and anxiety scores and since it is inexpensive and accessible, it is suggested to be used as a complementary treatment in reducing anxiety and depression.

A Comparative Study of Perceived Social Support and Depression among Elderly Members of Senior Day Centers, Elderly Residents in Nursing Homes, and Elderly Living at Home.

BACKGROUND: Social support perceived by the elderly can reduce mental health problems including depression. In Iranian society, some elderly people spend their elderly years in senior day care centers established to promote social protection for the elderly. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess perceived social support and depression in the elderly members of senior day care centers and compare the results with that of elderly individuals living at nursing homes and at home. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 315 elderly people. The participants were selected using stratified random sampling method and a random number table. The data collection tools used consisted of a demographic characteristics questionnaire, the Barthel index for assessing Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Social Support Appraisals (SSS-As) scale, and Geriatric Depression Scale short form (GDS-15). ANOVA, Chi-square, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and linear regression analysis were used to examine the hypotheses. RESULTS: The results showed that with increasing social support, depression decreased in all three groups, which was statistically significant in the two elderly groups living in nursing homes (r = -0.19, p = 0.044) and elderly members of senior day centers (r = -0.18, p = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS: According to the results, it can be concluded that senior day care centers have been able to promote perceived social support in the elderly through their participation in daily activities and social activities, and thus were able to reduce depression significantly compared to the other two groups.

Effect of lavender aromatherapy through inhalation on quality of life among postmenopausal women covered by a governmental health center in Isfahan, Iran: A single-blind clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Various studies indicate the negative effects of menopausal symptoms and complications on the quality of life (QOL) of women. The tendency to use different methods of complementary medicine to control menopausal symptoms is increasing. In addition, lavender essential oil has been shown to have positive effects on some symptoms associated with menopause. Thus, the present study was conducted with the aim to determine the effect of lavender aromatherapy on the QOL of postmenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized, controlled, clinical trial was conducted on 62 postmenopausal women referred to health centers of Isfahan, Iran. The subjects were divided into two groups of control and intervention. The intervention group inhaled 2% lavender essential oil every night before bedtime for 20 minutes during one month. The control group received the placebo (distilled water) in the same manner as the intervention group. The data collection tools were the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL)and a demographic characteristics questionnaire. The results were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests in SPSS software. RESULTS: The independent t-test showed a significant difference in the mean total score of QOL and its various dimensions (vasomotor, psychosocial, physical, and sexual dimensions) after the intervention between the aromatherapy and placebo groups (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Inhalation aromatherapy using lavender essential oil can improve the QOL of postmenopausal women with a reduction in the severity of complications and physical-psychological symptoms.