ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: This paper deals with the psyche of patients during intravenous therapy. Since any intervention in the physical integrity of individuals are necessarily reflected in their mental level, we decided to conduct a survey dealing with tolerance of intravenous therapy in cancer patients. Especially, we focused on long-term venous access devices tolerance. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The aim of this study was to evaluate descriptively patients´ awareness of the administration of parenteral drugs, risks in the application and the differences between the administration of drugs to the central and peripheral venous system. To collect data, own questionnaire containing 21 questions was compiled. It was distributed to patients in the oncology department and outpatient oncology ward at the hospital Novy Jicin. Patients signed an informed consent for data collection. One hundred valid questionnaires were evaluated in the analysis of the data. RESULTS: The results of the study generally indicate that patients do not tolerate venous sampling and intravenous therapy optimally. Patients who have some form of venous access device are mostly satisfied, as it fulfills its mandate of maximum patient comfort. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that most patients know alternatives to peripheral drugs application. However, awareness of this issue is inadequate. The vast majority of patients would recommend the introduction of long-term venous access device to other patients.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Catheterization, Central Venous/psychology , Catheterization, Peripheral/psychology , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Administration, Intravenous/instrumentation , Administration, Intravenous/methods , Catheterization, Central Venous/instrumentation , Catheterization, Peripheral/instrumentation , Catheters, Indwelling , Humans , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Excretion of catecholamines, DOPA and their oxidoreduction states were studied during aversive conditioning in a 10-sitting experiment in man. Urinary samples in 3 intervals of 8 h. before respective sitting and 20, 80 and 200 minutes after the sitting. The initial unspecific phase of conditioning corresponds to an increase and decrease of catecholamine elimination characterized by a prevailing of adrenaline and noradrenaline (interpreted as the same change in level of unconditioned excitability). In the specific phase of conditioning more important participation of dopamine and probably DOPA and their metabolites were observed. The anticipatory conditioned reflex itself (manifested in urinary samples before resp. sittings) is characterized by surplus of adrenaline and noradrenaline. The results support our conception of two phases in conditioning (and generally learning) process.
