ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: As both of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and depression carried a poor prognosis in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), we investigated the correlation between the ankle-brachial index (ABI), an indicator of subclinical PAD, and symptoms of depression in patients on MHD. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-nine patients on MHD (75 males and 54 females, mean age 64.8 ± 12 years) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, which aimed at evaluating the relationship between symptoms of depression and ABI. Demographic as well as clinical and laboratory variables including status of diabetes, chronic hepatitis C infection, dialysis duration, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), plasma levels of albumin, C-peptide, insulin, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), adiponectin, and lipid profile were obtained. The self-administered beck depression inventory (BDI) was used to determine the presence or absence of symptoms of depression, and depression was defined as a BDI score â§14. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were constructed to confirm the independent association of biologic parameters of symptoms of depression. Significance was defined as P < 0.05. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS/Windows software (SPSS Science, v. 15.0, Chicago, IL). RESULTS: The mode of multivariate analysis showed that diabetes (ß = 3.594; P = 0.040), hepatitis C infection (ß = 4.057; P = 0.008), levels of serum albumin (ß = -5.656; P = 0.024), C-peptide (ß = -0.292; P = 0.002), ABI (ß = -9.041; P = 0.031), and Ln-transformed hsCRP were significantly associated with BDI. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatitis C infection, serum levels of albumin, C-peptide, and ABI levels were found to be correlated with BDI (P < 0.05).
Subject(s)
Ankle Brachial Index , Depression/physiopathology , Depression/psychology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/psychology , Aged , C-Peptide/blood , C-Reactive Protein/metabolism , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetes Mellitus/psychology , Female , Hepatitis C/psychology , Humans , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Peripheral Arterial Disease/physiopathology , Peripheral Arterial Disease/psychology , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Renal Dialysis/psychology , Serum Albumin/metabolism , Symptom AssessmentABSTRACT
The clinical manifestation of renal vein thrombosis varies with the speed and degree of venous occlusion. Such patients may be asymptomatic, have minor nonspecific symptoms such as nausea or weakness, or have more specific symptoms such as upper abdominal pain, flank pain, or hematuria. Acute scrotal pain is a very uncommon clinical expression of renal vein thrombosis. Here, we report a case of membranous glomerulonephritis-induced renal vein thrombosis presented with the symptom of acute scrotal pain caused by thrombosis-induced varicocele. This case report suggests that renal vein thrombosis should be considered in the diagnosis of acute scrotal pain; it also emphasizes that an investigation of retroperitoneum should be performed for adult patients with the sudden onset of varicocele.
