The adaptive ability performance test (ADAPT): A factor analytic study in clients with intellectual disabilities.

BACKGROUND: The adaptive ability performance test (ADAPT) was developed to assess adaptive skills in individuals with intellectual disabilities and borderline intellectual functioning, with or without mental disorders. As a follow-up to earlier research on the ADAPT, a factor analytic study was conducted. METHOD: One thousand and sixty six ADAPTs from clients with (suspected) intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning and 129 ADAPTs from participants from the general population were collected along with other characteristics (e.g., IQ, psychiatric classifications, living situation). RESULTS: An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed and resulted in good fit indices. Subsequent confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multigroup CFA showed acceptable to good fit indices. This resulted in an instrument with eight factors and 62 items. CONCLUSION: Factor analytic results suggest that the ADAPT is a valid instrument that measures adaptive skills in individuals with intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning.

The ADaptive Ability Performance Test (ADAPT): A new instrument for measuring adaptive skills in people with intellectual disabilities and borderline intellectual functioning.

BACKGROUND: Since the DSM-5, adaptive functioning has taken a prominent place in the classification of intellectual disability (ID). The ADAPT was developed to assess adaptive skills in individuals with ID. METHOD: A total of 2,081 ADAPTs from clients with suspected ID or borderline intellectual functioning and 129 ADAPTs from people from the general population (non-ID) were collected, along with background characteristics. RESULTS: Internal consistency of the ADAPT was high (α = 0.98). ADAPT scores were positively associated with IQ, educational level and level of independent living. Furthermore, individuals without ID scored significantly higher than the clients on all of the 65 ADAPT items. Reference values were established for different IQ groups and living situations. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that the ADAPT is a valid instrument for measuring adaptive skills in individuals with ID. The reference values may be used for the purpose of estimating the level of ID and the needed intensity of support.

Anaemia, iron deficiency and susceptibility to infections.

Anaemia, iron deficiency and infections are three major causes of childhood morbidity and mortality throughout the world, although they predominantly occur in resource limited settings. As the three conditions may have the same underlying aetiologies, they often occur simultaneously and may interact. Being an essential component in erythropoiesis, iron is also essential for proper functioning of the host immune system as well as an essential nutrient for growth of various pathogens, including non-typhoid salmonella. This has resulted in a treatment dilemma in which iron is needed to treat the iron deficient anaemia and improve the immune system of the host (child), but the same treatment may also put the child at an increased, potentially fatal, infection risk.