ABSTRACT
Hasta ahora, los datos recogidos en los casos de procesos clínicos provocados por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) en niños sugieren que son cuadros leves en comparación con las infecciones en pacientes adultos; no obstante, se ha informado de casos graves, como el síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico (SIM), que precisa de valoración y actuación de emergencia. En el contexto de la consulta del pediatra de Atención Primaria y coincidiendo con el inicio del curso escolar, en una época en la que habitualmente aumenta la incidencia de procesos como la gripe, infección por el virus respiratorio sincitial (VRS) y otros cuadros respiratorios, es habitual la demanda por síntomas que pueden hacer sospechar cualquiera de estas infecciones. En este sentido, es importante llegar a un diagnóstico que permita el manejo más adecuado del paciente. Epidemiológicamente, de manera que se pueda disminuir la transmisión comunitaria tomando las medidas adecuadas y clínicamente para así poder ponderar el nivel de gravedad y poner en marcha las actuaciones más adecuadas. Dado que no existen escalas válidas que ofrezcan un puntaje para valorar cuál es la actuación más adecuada ante la sospecha de una infección COVID-19, planteamos los beneficios de un algoritmo de decisión clínica que tiene en cuenta las connotaciones epidemiológicas, basado en la gravedad clínica, para ofrecer la atención clínica más adecuada a los pacientes
So far, the data collected in the cases of clinical processes caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) coronavirus in children suggest that they are mild compared to infections in adult patients; However, serious cases such as multisystemic inflammatory syndrome (SIM) have been reported, which requires assessment and emergency action. In the context of the of the Primary Care pediatrician consultation and coinciding with the beginning of the school year, at a time when the incidence of influenza, RSV infection and other respiratory conditions usually increases, consultations for symptoms that can lead to suspect these infections. Therefore, it is important to reach a diagnosis that allows the most appropriate management of the patient and decreasing the community transmission by taking pertinent measures. Given that there are no valid scales that offer a score to assess which is the most appropriate action in the event of a suspected COVID-19 infection, we propose the benefits of a clinical decision algorithm that takes into account epidemiological connotations, based on clinical severity to offer the most appropriate clinical care to patients
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Primary Health Care , Clinical Decision-Making , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Viral/therapy , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis , Pandemics , AlgorithmsABSTRACT
Introducción: El fallo hepático agudo (FHA) es una enfermedad multisistémica con afectación severa de la función hepática de aparición brusca. La puntuación Pediatric End-stage Liver Disease (PELD) es un predictor de mortalidad en hepatopatías crónicas, siendo la experiencia en FHA limitada. Objetivos: Evaluar las características etiológicas y la evolución de niños con FHA en un centro con trasplante hepático (TH) infantil e investigar la validez del PELD como indicador pronóstico. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes con FHA en nuestro centro de 2000 a 2013 según criterios del grupo de trabajo de FHA. Resultados: Se reclutaron 49 pacientes (0-14 años). Las etiologías más frecuentes fueron la indeterminada (36,7%) y la metabólica (26,5%). Los pacientes que requirieron TH fueron el 42,8%, y el 16,3% fallecieron. Los pacientes con cifras elevadas de bilirrubina, INR o que desarrollaron encefalopatía tuvieron más probabilidades de presentar una evolución tórpida, obteniéndose una OR para el INR de 1,93. Un punto de corte de 27 en el PELD según la curva ROC mostró una sensibilidad del 86% y una especificidad del 85% de presentar evolución desfavorable (ABC: 0,90; p < 0,001). La supervivencia de FHA sin necesidad de TH fue más probable en aquellos con valores de PELD bajos y que no desarrollaron encefalopatía, con un RR de 0,326. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con FHA que presentaron un PELD elevado junto con encefalopatía tuvieron peor evolución. El valor del PELD puede ayudar a establecer el momento óptimo para inclusión en lista de TH; sin embargo son necesarios estudios a mayor escala (AU)
Introduction: Acute liver failure (ALF) is a multisystem disease with severe impairment of liver function of acute onset. The Paediatric End-stage Liver Disease (PELD) score is used as a predictor of mortality in chronic liver disease, however experience is limited in ALF. Objectives: To evaluate the aetiology and outcomes of children with ALF in a Children's Liver Transplant Centre, and to investigate the validity of PELD as a prognostic indicator. Patients and methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients diagnosed with ALF in our hospital from 2000 to 2013 using the criteria of the Paediatric ALF Study Group. Results: The study included 49 patients with an age range 0-14 years. The most frequent aetiologies were: indeterminate (36.7%) and metabolic (26.5%). Liver transplant (LT) was required by 42.8%, and there were 16.3% deaths. Patients with higher levels of bilirubin, INR, or encephalopathy were more likely to require a liver transplant, yielding an OR for INR 1.93. A cut-off of 27 in the PELD score according to the ROC curve showed a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 85%, predicting a worse outcome (AUC: 0.90; P < .001). The survival of patients with ALF without transplantation seems more likely in those who have low values of PELD and absence of encephalopathy, with a RR of 0.326. Conclusions: ALF patients with a high PELD score and the presence of encephalopathy had worse outcomes. The PELD score could be a useful tool to establish the optimum time for inclusion in the transplant list, however further studies are still needed (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Liver Failure/surgery , Liver Transplantation/methods , Hepatic Encephalopathy/complications , Retrospective Studies , Liver Failure, Acute/etiology , PrognosisABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Acute liver failure (ALF) is a multisystem disease with severe impairment of liver function of acute onset. The Paediatric End-stage Liver Disease (PELD) score is used as a predictor of mortality in chronic liver disease, however experience is limited in ALF. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the aetiology and outcomes of children with ALF in a Children's Liver Transplant Centre, and to investigate the validity of PELD as a prognostic indicator. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on patients diagnosed with ALF in our hospital from 2000 to 2013 using the criteria of the Paediatric ALF Study Group. RESULTS: The study included 49 patients with an age range 0-14years. The most frequent aetiologies were: indeterminate (36.7%) and metabolic (26.5%). Liver transplant (LT) was required by 42.8%, and there were 16.3% deaths. Patients with higher levels of bilirubin, INR, or encephalopathy were more likely to require a liver transplant, yielding an OR for INR 1.93. A cut-off of 27 in the PELD score according to the ROC curve showed a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 85%, predicting a worse outcome (AUC: 0.90; P<.001). The survival of patients with ALF without transplantation seems more likely in those who have low values of PELD and absence of encephalopathy, with a RR of 0.326. CONCLUSIONS: ALF patients with a high PELD score and the presence of encephalopathy had worse outcomes. The PELD score could be a useful tool to establish the optimum time for inclusion in the transplant list, however further studies are still needed.
