The Impact of Cochlear Implant in the Oral Language of Children with Congenital Deafness.

INTRODUCTION: Children with severe to profound sensorineural deafness can acquire vocabulary and syntactic structures to communicate by oral language, after cochlear implant. AIM: Identify the linguistic skills of children with cochlear implant. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighteen children of both gender, between 9 and 10 years, with congenital bilateral deafness, using cochlear implant, were studied. The evaluation instrument used was Observation Chart of Language-School Level. The results were compared with standard of normal-hearing children with the same hearing age. RESULTS: The scores registered in the linguistics structures studied, comparing implanted children and standard, was: phonology, 29.44 ± 8.4 vs. 29.68 ± 5.90, p = 0.91; semantics, 18.55 ± 8.89 vs. 19.20 ± 4.85, p = 0.76; morpho-syntax 21.89 ± 12.85 vs. 26.35 ± 10.36, p = 0.159. Regarding the tests of semantics, there was no significant difference. Concerning the tests of morpho-syntactic structure, the difference was significant in the derivation of words, 2.83 ± 2.81 vs. 4.65 ± 1.64, p = 0.014. In the phonology, a significant difference was found comparing implanted children and standard, in the discrimination of pseudo words, 6.6 ± 2.8 vs. 8.37 ± 2.32, p = 0.023. However, in syllabic segmentation, implanted children had a mean score 8.56 ± 1.6 significantly higher than standard, 5.9 ± 1.58, p < 0.001. DISCUSSION: The similarity of the scores obtained by children with cochlear implants with the standard, in the language components studied confirms that cochlear implant promotes the development of oral verbal language in children with congenital deafness. CONCLUSIONS: Implanted children had acquired language skills similar to normal-hearing children with the same hearing age.

Introdução: As crianças com surdez neurossensorial severa a profunda podem adquirir vocabulário e estruturas sintácticas para comunicarem pela linguagem oral, após implante coclear. Objectivo: Identificar as capacidades linguísticas em crianças, com implante coclear. Material e Métodos: Estudou-se a linguagem oral em 18 crianças, entre nove e 10 anos, com surdez neurossensorial profunda bilateral congénita, com implante coclear, avaliadas com a Grelha de Observação da Linguagem-Nível Escolar. As pontuações obtidas foram comparadas com as das crianças normo-ouvintes com igual idade auditiva. Resultados: As pontuações nas estruturas linguísticas estudadas, crianças implantadas vs. padrão das normo-ouvintes foram: fonologia 29,44 ± 8,4 vs. 29,68 ± 5,90, p = 0,91; semântica 18,55 ± 8,89 vs. 19,20 ± 4,85, p = 0,76; morfossintaxe 21,89 ± 12,85 vs. 26,35 ± 10,36, p = 0,159. Nas provas da estrutura semântica, não se registaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas. Na morfossintaxe, adiferença foi estatisticamente significativa na derivação das palavras, 2,83 ± 2,81 vs. 4,65 ± 1,64, p = 0,014. Na fonologia, verificou-se diferença significativa, na prova de discriminação de pseudopalavras, 6,6 ± 2,8 vs. 8,37 ± 2,32, p = 0,023. Na segmentação silábica, as crianças implantadas tiveram uma pontuação significativamente superior ao padrão 8,56 ± 1,6 vs. 5,9 ± 1,58, p < 0,001. Discussão: A semelhança das pontuações obtidas pelas crianças com implante coclear em relação ao padrão nas componentes linguísticas estudadas, confirma que o implante coclear promove o desenvolvimento da linguagem verbal oral nas crianças com surdez congénita. Conclusão: As crianças implantadas obtiveram ganhos de linguagem similares às normo-ouvintes com igual idade auditiva.

Desenvolvimento da linguagem em crianças com implante coclear: terá o gênero alguma influência? / Development of language skills in children with cochlear implants: does the gender have any influence?

OBJECTIVO: avaliar a influencia do gênero no desenvolvimento da linguagem de crianças com surdez severa a profunda neurossensorial, após implante coclear. MÉTODOS: foram estudadas 30 crianças, 12 do gênero feminino e 18 do masculino, entre os 8 anos e 1 mês e os 10 anos com surdez severa a profunda neurossensorial bilateral congênita com implante coclear. Avaliaram-se as estruturas linguísticas semântica, morfossintaxe e fonologia. Utilizou-se o instrumento de avaliação: Grelha de Observação da Linguagem - nível escolar. RESULTADOS: a idade auditiva média foi de 72 meses no gênero feminino e 72.7 meses no masculino. As pontuações obtidas nos três níveis linguisticos foram estatisticamente semelhantes, quando comparados os gêneros. Nas provas de cada estrutura linguística também não se verificaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes. CONCLUSÕES: o gênero não influenciou o desenvolvimento da linguagem oral nas crianças utilizadoras de implante coclear, nas três estruturas linguísticas estudadas. .

PURPOSE: to evaluate the influence of gender in the development of language skills in children with severe to profound sensorineural deafness after cochlear implant. METHODS: thirty children were studied, 12 females and 18 males, aged between 8 years and 1 month and 10 years of age, with severe to profound congenital bilateral sensorineural deafness with cochlear implant. The language structures analyzed were semantics, morphosyntax and phonology. The assessment tool used was the Language Observation Grid - school level. RESULTS: the average hearing age was of 72 months for females and 72.7 months for males. The scores obtained in the three linguistic structures were statistically similar between genders. Into each structure, the comparasion of each test, were also similar. CONCLUSIONS: gender did not influence the development of oral language in children with cochlear implants, in the three linguistic structures studied. .

Recto-anal manometric characteristics of type 2 diabetic patients who have sensation of incomplete defecation.

INTRODUCTION: Many diabetic patients report symptoms of incomplete defecation. We aimed to clarify the recto-anal manometric characteristics related to these symptoms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A questionnaire regarding gastrointestinal symptoms was distributed to 35 diabetics (19 women and 16 men) aged between 39 and 81 years. Nineteen reported incomplete defecation sensation (WS) and 16 did not (NS). Recto-anal manometry was performed for all patients. Data are presented as mean±SD. RESULTS: Resting rectal pressure was 14.4±10.1 mmHg and 8.8±3.9 mmHg, p<.03; first sensation was 61.0±27.8 ml and 83.1±35.7 ml, p<.04; and maximum tolerable volume was 174.2±81.5 ml and 235.0±89.5 ml, p<.04 for WS and NS, respectively. The WS group was further divided into 2 groups according to symptom severity (less severe and very severe). Significant differences were found in resting external anal sphincter pressure (50.4±15.6 and 34.3±17.4, p<.04) and the recto anal inhibitory reflex (48.6±19.8 and 26.3±23.2, p<.03) between the less severe and very severe groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Resting rectal pressure was significantly higher in symptomatic individuals. (2) First sensation and maximum tolerable volume were higher in asymptomatic diabetics. (3) In diabetics with more severe symptoms, the resting external anal sphincter pressures were significantly lower. (4) The degree of relaxation in the recto-anal inhibitory reflex was significantly higher in individuals without complaints.

Transit of radiopaque particles through the gastrointestinal tract: comparison between type 2 diabetes patients and healthy individuals.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: some studies have reported controversial results when comparing the gastrointestinal transit between diabetic and healthy individuals. Therefore, we compared the gastrointestinal transit of radiopaque particles between diabetic and non-diabetic healthy individuals. METHODS: abdominal radiographies were performed for 45 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 35 healthy individuals (gender and age similar for both groups) at 24 and 72 h after they ingested radiopaque particles. The mean number of particles in the colon was compared for both groups. The data were expressed as mean and standard deviation values. RESULTS: at 24 h, the total number of particles in the colon did not differ significantly for the diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. At 72 hours, the distribution in the diabetic and non-diabetic individuals was as follows: right colon, 0.44 ± 0.88 and 0.26 ± 0.7, respectively (p = 0.8); left colon, 2.6 ± 4.2 and 0.49 ± 1.3 (p < 0.003); and rectosigmoid colon, 2.65 ± 3.8 and 0.80 ± 1.5 (p < 0.005).The mean number of radiopaque particles in the entire colon was 5.7 ± 7.1 and 1.5 ± 2.7 for diabetic and non-diabetic individuals, respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: the number of radiopaque particles in the colon did not significantly differ for the diabetic and non-diabetic individuals at 24 h after ingestion but was significantly greater in diabetic individuals at 72 h after ingestion. At 72 h, the mean number of radiopaque particles in the left and rectosigmoid colon were significantly higher in the diabetics than in the non-diabetic individuals.

Esophageal body motility in people with diabetes: comparison with non-diabetic healthy individuals.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to compare esophageal motor characteristics between diabetics and healthy individuals. METHODS: Esophageal manometry was performed in 34 type 2 diabetics and 32 healthy individuals. Waves were evaluated in the 3 thirds of the esophagus (P1=upper, P2=middle, and P3=distal). RESULTS: In diabetics vs. controls, wave distribution was as follows: peristaltic waves, 83.5 ± 22.2% vs. 96.3 ± 4.4%, p<0.002; simultaneous waves, 3.26 ± 5.8% vs. 0.53 ± 1.3%, p<0.01; no transmitted waves, 10.62 ± 20.7% vs. 2.75 ± 3.0%, p<0.002; and retrograde waves, 2.68 ± 4.0% vs. 0.31 ± 1.1%, p<0.03. Wave amplitude was similar between groups. Average upstroke (mmHg/s) in diabetics vs. non-diabetics was P2, 33.8 ± 13.9 vs. 40.2 ± 17.7, p<0.03; and P3, 29.8 ± 15.3 vs. 41.3 ± 14.0, p<0.002. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Simultaneous waves, no transmitted waves, and retrograde esophageal waves were significantly more frequent in diabetics. (2) Average upstroke was significantly lower within the middle and distal esophagus of diabetic individuals. (3) Wave amplitude was similar in both groups.

Transit of radiopaque particles through the gastrointestinal tract: comparison between type 2 diabetes patients and healthy individuals / Tránsito de partículas radiopacas a través del tracto gastrointestinal: comparación entre pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 y los individuos sanos

Background/aims: some studies have reported controversial results when comparing the gastrointestinal transit between diabetic and healthy individuals. Therefore, we compared the gastrointestinal transit of radiopaque particles between diabetic and non-diabetic healthy individuals. Methods: abdominal radiographies were performed for 45 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 35 healthy individuals (gender and age similar for both groups) at 24 and 72 h after they ingested radiopaque particles. The mean number of particles in the colon was compared for both groups. The data were expressed as mean and standard deviation values. Results: at 24 h, the total number of particles in the colon did not differ significantly for the diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. At 72 hours, the distribution in the diabetic and non-diabetic individuals was as follows: right colon, 0.44 ± 0.88 and 0.26 ± 0.7, respectively (p = 0.8); left colon, 2.6 ± 4.2 and 0.49 ± 1.3 (p < 0.003); and rectosigmoid colon, 2.65 ± 3.8 and 0.80 ± 1.5 (p < 0.005).The mean number of radiopaque particles in the entire colon was 5.7 ± 7.1 and 1.5 ± 2.7 for diabetic and non-diabetic individuals, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusions: the number of radiopaque particles in the colon did not significantly differ for the diabetic and non-diabetic individuals at 24 h after ingestion but was significantly greater in diabetic individuals at 72 h after ingestion. At 72 h, the mean number of radiopaque particles in the left and rectosigmoid colon were significantly higher in the diabetics than in the non-diabetic individuals(AU)