Avaliação da cinética on da frequência cardíaca em pacientes asmáticos e em indivíduos saudáveis durante o Endurance Shuttle Walk Test / Evaluation of heart rate on kinetics in asthmatic patients and in healthy individuals during the endurance shuttle walk test

Introdução: O comportamento cinético da frequência cardíaca (FC) na transição do repouso para o exercício nos informa sobre a integridade do sistema nervoso autônomo. Recuperações mais lentas associam-se ao risco de mortalidade por eventos cardiovasculares, tornando-se imprescindível sua avaliação. Objetivo: Avaliar e comparar a resposta da cinética on da FC em pacientes asmáticos e indivíduos saudáveis durante o Endurance Shuttle Walk Test (ESWT). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo, transversal e controlado, com 14 adultos asmáticos e 8 controles saudáveis. Os indivíduos realizaram as seguintes avaliações: Teste de função pulmonar, Variabilidade da Frequência Cardíaca (VFC) e Incremental Shuttle Walk Test e ESWT. Resultados: O grupo asmático apresentou um atraso da cinética on da FC na transição do repouso para o teste, e uma correlação negativa moderada (r=-0,60; p<0,05) entre a distância percorrida (m) e o tempo de resposta (TRM) cinética on da FC. Conclusão: Os pacientes asmáticos apresentaram um atraso da cinética "on", quando comparados ao grupo de indivíduos saudáveis, demonstrando ser um importante marcador na avaliação da performance física.

Introduction: The kinetic behavior of heart rate (HR) in the transition from rest to exercise, as this assessment informs us about the integrity of the autonomic nervous system. Slower recoveries are associated with the risk of mortality from cardiovascular events, making their evaluation, essential. Objective: To evaluate and compare the HR on kinetics response in asthmatic patients and healthy individuals during the Endurance Shuttle Walk Test (ESWT). Methods: This is a prospective, cross-sectional, controlled study with 14 asthmatic adults and 8 healthy controls. Subjects performed the following assessments: Pulmonary Function Test, Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and Incremental Shuttle Walk Test and ESWT. Results: The asthmatic group showed a delay in the HR on kinetics in the transition from rest to the test, and a moderate negative correlation (r=-0.60; p<0.05) between the distance covered (m) and the response time (TRM) kinetics on from FC. Conclusion: Asthmatic patients showed a delay in "on" kinetics, in comparison to the group of healthy individuals, proving to be an important marker in physical performance assessments.

Tocilizumab in HIV patient with severe COVID-19: case report.

BACKGROUND: A 73-year-old male patient who had a history of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection for over 20 years was diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. CASE PRESENTATION: The patient was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), where he remained for 25 days, due to a severe condition. Intubation, hemodialysis, and tracheostomy were necessary to maintain homeostasis. In addition to regular treatment with etravirine, dolutegravir, darunavir, and ritonavir for highly active antiretroviral therapy, the patient received tocilizumab, which showed a great recovery in the patient's condition. CONCLUSION: The patient had several risk factors, such as male gender, age > 70 years, and arterial hypertension. The use of tocilizumab was of great importance in the patient's recovery since the drug increased his immune response, which is deficient, due to HIV infection.

Drainage on augmentation mammoplasty: Does it work?

BACKGROUND: Breast prostheses could be associated with complications, despite many studies on surgical materials and techniques. The role of surgical drainage in preventing complications on breast prostheses surgery is controversial. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the role and effectiveness of vacuum drainage in the augmentation mammoplasty. METHODS: A prospective multicentric randomized comparative clinical trial was conducted with 150 patients, who were the candidates for breast augmentation. The candidates were split into two groups to analyze the breast drain role. Group1: closed-suction drainage; measurements were taken every 24 h for 48 h. Group2: control (no drainage); all the patients were submitted to a clinical and postoperative ultrasonography evaluation (7th day and 3rd month). The late consultations (1st-, 2nd-, and 3rd-year postoperative time) were carried out to identify any complication, such as infection, seroma, hematoma, asymmetry, hypertrophic scarring, rippling, implant position, visible edges, and sensibility alteration. RESULTS: A total of 150 female patients were operated with 300 breast implants placed into subglandular pocket. In the first 24 h postoperative (D1), the drainage volume ranged from 12 ml to 210 ml (mean= 74.90 ml; SD= 43.29 ml). After 24 h, on the second day (D2), the collected volume ranged from 10 ml to 120 ml (mean= 44.76 ml; SD= 24.80 ml). The total drainage volume in the 48 h ranged from 22 ml to 320 ml (mean= 119.7 ml; SD= 62.20 ml). The breast ultrasonography series (BUSGS) analysis was done on the 7th day and 3rd month in both groups. There was no significant difference between G1 and G2 groups (p = 0.05 and 0.25, respectively). In the follow-up, some patients (33-44%) declared sensitivity disturbing on the nipple-areola complex (NAC) and lower breast segment. CONCLUSIONS: The closed-suction breast drainage in breast augmentation was associated with high cost and time-consuming and not demonstrated any benefit in a recent postoperative time.

Ovarian status modulates cardiovascular autonomic control and oxidative stress in target organs.

Studies have presented conflicting findings regarding the association between both fluctuation and deprivation of ovarian hormones and cardiovascular autonomic modulation and oxidative stress and their potential impact on resting arterial pressure (AP) and cardiovascular risk. This study aimed to assess cardiovascular autonomic modulation, baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and oxidative stress in male rats (M) and in female rats during ovulatory (FOV) and non-ovulatory phases (FNOV) of the estrous cycle and after deprivation of ovarian hormones (FO). Direct AP was recorded, and BRS was assessed by using increasing doses of phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside. AP and heart rate variability were assessed by spectral analysis. Oxidative stress profile was evaluated in cardiac, renal, and muscle tissues. In females, the ovulatory phase and ovarian hormone deprivation induced an increase in AP (FOV and FO ~ 9 mmHg) when compared to the non-ovulatory phase. Ovariectomy promoted increased cardiac sympathovagal balance (~ 17-37%) when compared to other groups. Both FOV and FO groups presented impaired BRS, associated with higher AP variability. In general, antioxidant capacity was higher in the FNOV than in the M group. Ovarian hormone deprivation induced a decrease in catalase activity in cardiac and renal tissues and an increase in lipid peroxidation in all tissues analyzed. Positive correlations (p < 0.05) were found between vascular sympathetic modulation and lipid peroxidation in cardiac (r = 0.60), renal (r = 0.60), and muscle (r = 0.57) tissues. In conclusion, both oscillation and deprivation of ovarian hormones play an important role in cardiovascular autonomic control and oxidative stress profile in target organs, which is reflected in AP changes.

Influência do retratamento na formação de microtrincas dentinárias em molares inferiores obturados com o cimento biocerâmico total fill: análise por micro-ct / Influence of retreatment on the formation of dentinal microcracks in lower molars filled with total bioceramic cement fill: micro-ct analysis

Objetivo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a incidência de microtrincas dentinárias após a remoção do material obturador utilizando o cimento biocerâmico TotalFill BC através de análises de microtomografia computadorizada (micro-CT). Metodologia Vinte raízes mesiais de molares mandibulares foram obturadas com guta percha e cimento Total Fill BC e em seguida o material obturador foi removido. As amostras foram escaneadas por micro-CT antes do preparo químico-mecânico, após a obturação e posteriormente a remoção do material obturador. As imagens transversais das raízes mesiais obtidas após a obturação foram analisadas e comparadas com as imagens após a remoção do material obturador, utilizando o programa Image J. Resultados Dos 24.444 cortes transversais analisados, 5,67% apresentaram algum defeito de dentina, sendo que nas imagens iniciais foram encontradas 0,51%, nas imagens pós obturação 2,58%, e nas imagens obtidas após a desobstrução 2,58%. Nas análises comparando as imagens iniciais e pós-obturação foram observados 1,65% dos cortes com novas microtrincas. Todos os defeitos dentinários identificados na análise das imagens obtidas após a remoção do material obturador já estavam presentes nas imagens correspondentes obtidas após a obturação. Desta forma, nenhuma nova microfissura foi observada após remoção do material obturador. Conclusão O estudo não visualizou a produção de novas microtrincas dentinárias durante a fase de desobstrução do retratamento endodôntico. (AU)

Aim The present study aimed to evaluate the frequency of dentinal micro-cracks after removal of the filling material using the TotalFill BC bioceramic-based root canal sealer through microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) analyzes. Methodology Twenty mesial roots of mandibular molars were filled with gutta-percha and TotalFill BC sealer and then the filling material was removed. The specimens were scanned by micro-CT, before instrumentation, after filling and after removal of the filling material. Subsequently, the transversal images of the mesial roots obtained after filling were analyzed and compared with that obtained after removal of the filling material, using the program Image J. Results Among the 24.444 cross sections analyzed, 5,67% presented some type of defect, with 0.51% in the initial images, 2.58% in the post-filling images and 2.58% in the final images. In the analysis comparing the initial images with the post-filling, 1,65% of the sections presented new microcracks. All the dentin defects identified in the analysis of the images obtained after the removal of the filling material were already present in the corresponding images obtained after the filling. Therefore, no new microcrack was observed after removal of the filling material. Conclusion The study did not visualize the production of new dentin microcracks during the removal of filling material in the endodontic retreatment. (AU)

Outcomes and Risk Factors for Polymicrobial Posttraumatic Osteomyelitis.

Background: We hypothesized that polymicrobial posttraumatic osteomyelitis (PTO) may be associated with worse outcomes when compared to monomicrobial PTO. We therefore attempted to show the outcomes and predisposing factors associated with polymicrobial PTO. Methods: A single-center case-control study was carried out from 2007 to 2012. The outcome variables analyzed were: the need for additional surgical and antibiotic treatments, rates of amputation, and mortality associated with the infection. Univariate and multivariable analyses using multiple logistic regression were performed to identify risk factors associated with polymicrobial PTO, and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Among the 193 patients identified, polymicrobial PTO was diagnosed in 37.8%, and was significantly associated with supplementary surgical debridement (56.1% vs. 31%; p < 0.01), a higher consumption of antibiotics, and more amputations (6.5% vs 1.3%; p < 0.01). Factors associated with polymicrobial PTO in the multivariable analysis were older age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01 to 1.03, p = 0.04), working in agriculture (OR = 2.86, 95% CI = 1.05 to 7.79, p = 0.04), open fracture Gustilo type III (OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.02 to 5.56, p = 0.04), need for blood transfusion (OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.07 to 4.32, p = 0.03), and need for supplementary debridement (OR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.29 to 5.16, p = 0.01). Conclusions: PTO is polymicrobial in more than one-third of patients, associated with extra surgical and clinical treatment, and worse outcomes including higher rates of amputation.

Predisposing factors for recurrence of chronic posttraumatic osteomyelitis: a retrospective observational cohort study from a tertiary referral center in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of posttraumatic osteomyelitis (PTO) is increasing despite new treatment strategies. Assessment of patients' outcomes following PTO is challenging due to multiple variables. The study goals are to determine the frequency of recurrence following PTO treatment and identify factors predisposing patients to treatment failure. METHODS: Between August 01, 2007 to August 30, 2012, a single-center retrospective cohort study was performed among 193 patients diagnosed with PTO following orthopedic surgery for fracture care. Bone and soft tissues were collected for cultures and PTO was defined according to CDC/NHSN criteria. Patient, injury, surgery-associated variables, and microbiological records were reviewed for risk factors associated to recurrence of PTO. Univariate and multivariable analyses using logistic regression were performed, with p <0.05 considered significant. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients (20%) of 192 diagnosed and treated for PTO failed their treatment. Factors associated with recurrence were age between 61 and 80 years [hazard ratio (HR) = 6.086, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.459;15.061, p = <0.001], age above 80 years [HR = 9.975 (95% CI = 3.591;27.714), p = <0.001], intraoperative blood transfusion [HR = 2.239 (95% CI = 1.138;4.406), p = 0.020], and positive culture for Pseudomonas aeruginosa [HR = 2.700 (95% CI = 1.370;5.319), p = 0.004]. CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors associated with recurrence of PTO are difficult to measure. The present study revealed that elderly patients, intraoperative blood transfusions, and infection due to P. aeruginosa were independently associated with recurrence of PTO. These factors should warn clinicians of a higher failure rate following treatment of PTO. Trial registration: ISRCTN71648577. Registered 18 May 2017. Retrospectively registered.

Impact of myocardial infarction on cardiac autonomic function in diabetic rats.

AIMS: We evaluated autonomic and hemodynamic parameters and maximal oxygen consumption (VO(2)max) as possible determinants of mortality in streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats after myocardial infarction (MI). METHOD: Male Wistar rats were divided into (n=8 of each): control sham (CS), diabetes sham (DS), MI (I), and diabetes+MI (DI). MI was induced 15 days after STZ induction. VO(2)max was measured at 3 (basal), 30, 60, and 91 days after MI. Hemodynamic and autonomic parameters were evaluated 92 days after MI. RESULTS: MI area was similar in infarcted groups (~44%). Mortality rate increased in the DI (70%) compared with I (53%) group. Cardiopulmonary baroreflex, sympathetic (48%) and vagal (33%) tonus, low frequency (LF) band (57%), and LF/high frequency (HF) band ratio (53%) were reduced in DI compared with I animals. Furthermore, cardiac output (CO), peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) impairment, and VO(2)max reductions were observed in the DI compared with the I group. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the CO and PVR changes as well as VO(2)max reduction were probably associated with additional cardiac autonomic control impairment, and, consequently, increased mortality rate in diabetic rats after a chronic myocardial infarction.

Aerobic exercise training delays cardiac dysfunction and improves autonomic control of circulation in diabetic rats undergoing myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND: Exercise training (ET) has been used as a nonpharmacological strategy for treatment of diabetes and myocardial infarction (MI) separately. We evaluated the effects ET on functional and molecular left ventricular (LV) parameters as well as on autonomic function and mortality in diabetics after MI. METHODS AND RESULTS: Male Wistar rats were divided into control (C), sedentary-diabetic infarcted (SDI), and trained-diabetic infarcted (TDI) groups. MI was induced after 15 days of streptozotocin-diabetes induction. Seven days after MI, the trained group underwent ET protocol (90 days, 50-70% maximal oxygen consumption-VO(2)max). LV function was evaluated noninvasively and invasively; baroreflex sensitivity, pulse interval variability, cardiac output, tissue blood flows, VEGF mRNA and protein, HIF1-α mRNA, and Ca(2+) handling proteins were measured. MI area was reduced in TDI (21 ± 4%) compared with SDI (38 ± 4%). ET induced improvement in cardiac function, hemodynamics, and tissue blood flows. These changes were probable consequences of a better expression of Ca(2+) handling proteins, increased VEGF mRNA and protein expression as well as improvement in autonomic function, that resulted in reduction of mortality in TDI (33%) compared with SDI (68%) animals. CONCLUSIONS: ET reduced cardiac and peripheral dysfunction and preserved autonomic control in diabetic infarcted rats. Consequently, these changes resulted in improved VO(2)max and survival after MI.

Acute exercise adjustments of cardiovascular autonomic control in diabetic rats.

INTRODUCTION: We evaluated the role of cardiovascular autonomic changes in hemodynamics at rest and in response to exercise in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were divided into nondiabetic (ND, n = 8) and diabetic (D, n = 8) groups. Arterial pressure signals were recorded in the basal state and after atropine or propranolol injections at rest, during exercise and during recovery. RESULTS: At rest, vagal tonus was reduced in D (37 ± 3 bpm) in comparison with the ND group (61 ± 9 bpm). Heart rate during exercise was lower in D in relation to ND rats associated with reduced vagal withdrawal in the D group. The D rats had an increase in vagal tonus in the recovery period (49 ± 6 bpm). CONCLUSIONS: Exercise-induced hemodynamic adjustment impairment in diabetic rats was associated with reduced cardiac vagal control. The vagal dysfunction was attenuated after aerobic exercise, reinforcing the positive role of this approach in the management of cardiovascular risk in diabetics.

Cardiometabolic benefits of exercise training in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome and menopause.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the cardiometabolic effects of exercise training in ovariectomized hypertensive rats both submitted and not submitted to fructose overload. METHODS: Spontaneously hypertensive ovariectomized rats were divided into sedentary and trained (THO) groups submitted to normal chow and sedentary and trained groups submitted to fructose overload (100 g/L in drinking water for 19 wk). Exercise training was performed on a treadmill (8 wk). Arterial pressure (AP) was directly recorded. Cardiovascular autonomic control was evaluated through pharmacological blockade (atropine and propranolol) and in the time and frequency domains by spectral analysis. RESULTS: The THO group presented reduced AP (approximately 16 mm Hg) and enhanced cardiac vagal tonus (approximately 49%) and baroreflex sensitivity (approximately 43%) compared with the sedentary hypertensive ovariectomized group. Exercise training attenuated metabolic impairment, resting tachycardia, cardiac and vascular sympathetic increases, and baroreflex sensitivity decrease induced by fructose overload in hypertensive rats. However, the trained hypertensive ovariectomized group submitted to fructose overload presented higher AP (approximately 32 mm Hg), associated with baroreflex sensitivity (approximately 69%) and parasympathetic dysfunctions compared with the THO group. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the metabolic disorders in hypertensive rats after ovarian hormone deprivation could blunt and/or attenuate some exercise training benefits.

Dynamic aerobic exercise induces baroreflex improvement in diabetic rats.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of an acute aerobic exercise on arterial pressure (AP), heart rate (HR), and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into control (n = 8) and diabetic (n = 8) groups. AP, HR, and BRS, which were measured by tachycardic and bradycardic (BR) responses to AP changes, were evaluated at rest (R) and postexercise session (PE) on a treadmill. At rest, STZ diabetes induced AP and HR reductions, associated with BR impairment. Attenuation in resting diabetes-induced AP (R: 103 ± 2 versus PE: 111 ± 3 mmHg) and HR (R: 290 ± 7 versus PE: 328 ± 10 bpm) reductions and BR dysfunction (R: -0.70 ± 0.06 versus PE: -1.21 ± 0.09 bpm/mmHg) was observed in the postexercise period. In conclusion, the hemodynamic and arterial baro-mediated control of circulation improvement in the postexercise period reinforces the role of exercise in the management of cardiovascular risk in diabetes.

Cardiac and peripheral adjustments induced by early exercise training intervention were associated with autonomic improvement in infarcted rats: role in functional capacity and mortality.

AIMS: To test the effects of early exercise training (ET) on left ventricular (LV) and autonomic functions, haemodynamics, tissues blood flows (BFs), maximal oxygen consumption (VO(2) max), and mortality after myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. METHODS AND RESULTS: Male Wistar rats were divided into: control (C), sedentary-infarcted (SI), and trained-infarcted (TI). One week after MI, TI group underwent an ET protocol (90 days, 50-70% VO(2) max). Left ventricular function was evaluated non-invasively and invasively. Baroreflex sensitivity, heart rate variability, and pulse interval were measured. Cardiac output (CO) and regional BFs were determined using coloured microspheres. Infarcted area was reduced in TI (19 ± 6%) compared with SI (34 ± 5%) after ET. Exercise training improved the LV and autonomic functions, the CO and regional BF changes induced by MI, as well as increased SERCA2 expression and mRNA vascular endothelial growth factor levels. These changes brought about by ET resulted in mortality rate reduction in the TI (13%) group compared with the SI (54%) group. CONCLUSION: Early aerobic ET reduced cardiac and peripheral dysfunctions and preserved cardiovascular autonomic control after MI in trained rats. Consequently, these ET-induced changes resulted in improved functional capacity and survival after MI.

Osteomyelitis: a current challenge.

Over the last 30 years, the pathogenesis of osteomyelitis has almost been totally elucidated, and many factors responsible for the persistence of this infection have been identified. Numerous antimicrobial agents with distinct spectrums of action, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics have been used in its treatment. Surgical techniques, including muscle grafts, the Ilizarov technique, and antibiotic bone cements, have been applied. However, bone infections are still a challenge. Despite the importance of isolation and identification of microorganisms to determine the antimicrobial treatment of bone infections, there are few systematic national studies about the etiological profile of these diseases. This article describes the current knowledge of osteomyelitis and summarizes published national data based on the experience of different Orthopedic and Traumatology Services. In general, S. aureus was described as an important etiological agent; however, the difference in design of national studies makes a comparison between the prevalence of bone infection, the associated risk factors, and the different therapeutic approaches difficult. In conclusion, effort is necessary in order to stimulate systematic national studies in different Orthopedics and Traumatology Services to obtain a better consensus on preventive measures and therapies of bone infections.

Effects of exercise training on autonomic dysfunction management in an experimental model of menopause and myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise training on cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in ovariectomized rats submitted to myocardial infarction. METHODS: Female Wistar rats were divided into the following ovariectomized groups: sedentary ovariectomized (SO), trained ovariectomized (TO), sedentary ovariectomized infarcted (SOI), and trained ovariectomized infarcted (TOI). Trained groups were submitted to an exercise training protocol on a treadmill (8 wk). Arterial baroreflex sensitivity was evaluated by heart rate responses to arterial pressure changes, and cardiopulmonary baroreflex sensitivity was tested by bradycardic and hypotension responses to serotonin injection. Vagal and sympathetic effects were calculated by pharmacological blockade. RESULTS: Arterial pressure was reduced in the TO in comparison with the SO group and increased in the TOI in relation to the SOI group. Exercise training improved the baroreflex sensitivity in both the TO and TOI groups. The TOI group displayed improvement in cardiopulmonary reflex sensitivity compared with the SOI group at the 16 microg/kg serotonin dose. Exercise training enhanced the vagal effect in both the TO (45%) and TOI (46%) animals compared with the SO and SOI animals and reduced the sympathetic effect in the TOI (38%) in comparison with the SOI animals. Significant correlations were obtained between bradycardic baroreflex responses and vagal (r = -0.7, P < 0.005) and sympathetic (r = 0.7, P < 0.001) effects. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that exercise training in ovariectomized rats submitted to myocardial infarction improves resting hemodynamic status and reflex control of the circulation, which may be due to an increase in the vagal component. This suggests a homeostatic role for exercise training in reducing the autonomic impairment of myocardial infarction in postmenopausal women.

Osteomyelitis: a current challenge

Over the last 30 years, the pathogenesis of osteomyelitis has almost been totally elucidated, and many factors responsible for the persistence of this infection have been identified. Numerous antimicrobial agents with distinct spectrums of action, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics have been used in its treatment. Surgical techniques, including muscle grafts, the Ilizarov technique, and antibiotic bone cements, have been applied. However, bone infections are still a challenge. Despite the importance of isolation and identification of microorganisms to determine the antimicrobial treatment of bone infections, there are few systematic national studies about the etiological profile of these diseases. This article describes the current knowledge of osteomyelitis and summarizes published national data based on the experience of different Orthopedic and Traumatology Services. In general, S. aureus was described as an important etiological agent; however, the difference in design of national studies makes a comparison between the prevalence of bone infection, the associated risk factors, and the different therapeutic approaches difficult. In conclusion, effort is necessary in order to stimulate systematic national studies in different Orthopedics and Traumatology Services to obtain a better consensus on preventive measures and therapies of bone infections.

Pandemia do vírus influenza A H1N1: experiência da abordagem pediátrica no Hospital das Clínicas da UFMG / Pandemic Influenza A H1N1 virus: pediatric experience in the Clinical Hospital of UFMG

Introdução: apresenta-se revisão histórica com as características do vírus influenza A H1N1 e a evolução da pandemia. Objetivos: observar o comportamento da população pediátrica e comparar temporalmente as ações e as recomendações dos protocolos do Ministério da Saúde vigentes em cada momento. Métodos: trata-se de estudo descritivo das ações tomadas pelo Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas para atendimento hospitalar e ambulatorial pediátrico dos casos suspeitos ou confirmados de infecção pelo novo vírus. Resultados: nas publicações mundiais atuais, a infecção pelo vírus influenza A H1N1 na faixa pediátrica mostrou ter mais gravidade nos pacientes com comorbidades. A evolução das crianças que não apresentavam comorbidades foi semelhante à da influenza sazonal. Conclusões: é importante o levantamento de dados brasileiros no preparo para uma possível segunda onda de infecção por esse vírus ou outro mutante. (AU)

Introduction: This is a historical review of the influenza A vírus H1N1 subtype and the pandemic evolution. Objectives: To observe the behavior of the pediatric population and to compare over time the actions and recommendations of the protocols of the Ministério da Saúde in effect at any time. Methods: This is a descriptive study of the actions taken by the Hospital das Clinicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais for hospital and outpatient pediatric cases of suspected or confirmed infection by this new virus. Results: The current publications worldwide show that the infection with influenza A H1N1 in pediatric patients was shown to be more serious in patients with comorbidities. The development of children who had no comorbidities was similar to seasonal influenza. Conclusions: Data collection in Brazil is important in preparation for a possible second infection stage by this virus or other mutants. (AU)

Benefits of exercise training in diabetic rats persist after three weeks of detraining.

Regarding all benefits of exercise training, a question remains: how long are these benefits kept? This study evaluated the effect of 3-week detraining after 10 weeks of training in STZ-diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats were assigned into: sedentary controls, trained controls, trained-detrained controls, sedentary diabetic, trained diabetic and trained-detrained diabetic. Arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded by a data acquisition system. Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was evaluated by HR responses to AP changes induced by infusion of vasoactive drugs. Intrinsic heart rate (IHR), sympathetic tonus (ST) and vagal tonus (VT) were evaluated by pharmacological blockade with atenolol and atropine. Spectral analysis of systolic AP and HR variabilities (HRV) was performed to estimate autonomic modulation to the heart and vessels. Diabetes cardiovascular and autonomic dysfunctions were reversed by exercise training and partially maintained in the 3-week detraining period. In controls, training decreased AP and HR and improved BRS, changes that returned to baseline values after detraining. IHR and VT were improved in trained diabetic rats and remained in detrained diabetic ones. LF component of HRV decreased in trained control group. In diabetics, exercise training improved variance, and absolute LF and HF components of HRV. Only HF was maintained in detrained diabetic group. Moreover, there was an inverse relationship between plasma glucose and the absolute HF component of HRV. These changes probably determined the different survival rate of 80% in diabetic detrained and 51% in diabetic sedentary rats.

Prevalência de cisticercose bovina em animais abatidos em frigoríficos de inspeção estadual no Rio Grande do Sul / Prevalence of bovine cysticercosis in slaughtered animals in cold state inspection in Rio Grande do Sul

Este trabalho tem como objetivo, determinar a prevalência de cisticercose bovina em animais abatidos em frigoríficos de Inspeção Estadual do RS. Conscientizar a população de que a erradicação da cisticercose só será possível após serem tomadas sérias medidas preventivas como inspeção sanitária, mudanças de hábitos alimentares, adoção de políticas de melhoramentos de infra-estrutura. Os dados foram obtidos de abates realizados no RS entre 1992 e 2001 fornecidos pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento através da Delegacia Federal do RS.

Perfil profesional de la Enfermera Especialista en Emergencias y Desastres del Hospital Emergencias José Casimiro Ulloa. Julio a Diciembre 2006 / Professional profile nurse specialist in emergency and disasters of the Hospital Emergency Jose Casimiro Ulloa. July - December 2006

El presente trabajo de investigación es un estudio descriptivo que describe y caracteriza el perfil de la enfermera especialista en emergencia y desastres, se realizo con la finalidad de conocer las opiniones emitidas de las(o) Lic. en Enfermería sobre el Perfil Profesional de la Enfermera especialista en el Hospital de Emergencias José Casimiro Ulloa. Consta de tres capítulos. Capítulo I El problema; planteamiento del problema Enfermería como Disciplina y profesión eminentemente social y humano, profesión tan reciente en nuestro país a diferencia de la Medicina u otras ciencias sociales que tienen siglos de formación; intenta hacerse un lugar dentro de la ciencia a través de los modelos conceptuales y teorías dentro de la sociedad y dentro de los estratos científicos y profesionales. Seguidamente el Capítulo II Material y método siendo el tipo de investigación descriptivo transversal; nivel de investigación descriptivo aplicativo con el método de recolección de datos Teniendo en consideración la diversa y compleja problemática la presente investigación se delimito en los siguientes aspectos: Temporal: Se realizo en los meses de Julio a Diciembre del 2006; Espacial: Se efectuará en los Establecimientos del Hospital de Emergencias J. Casimiro Ulloa. Conceptual: Se identifico las características de la enfermera especialista según la opinión que tienen los trabajadores del Servicio de Emergencia del Hospital de Emergencias J. Casimiro Ulloa; seguido del Capítulo III donde se presenta el análisis y la interpretación de datos. Y finalmente el Capítulo IV: Conclusiones Podemos observar que el personal que labora en el Servicio de Emergencia del HJCU presenta años de servicios por ello podemos afirmar que la Experiencia también forma parte del aprendizaje renovación de nuevos conocimientos y va formando su perfil profesional. En relación con el ejercicio profesional, la mayoría de las enfermeras asistenciales opinaron que la permanencia en determinado servicio posibilitaría la especialización y, por tanto, un mayor dominio de conocimiento y habilidades, asegurando la calidad de atención. Pese a estos hallazgos, el personal de Enfermería muestra deficiencias en el conocimiento del perfil profesional.

This research is a descriptive study that describes and characterized the profile of the nurse specialist in emergency and disasters, conducted with the aim of monitoring the opinions of the (or) Degree in Nursing of the Professional Profile Nurse Specialist Hospital Emergency Jose Casimiro Ulloa. Consists three chapters, Chapter I The problem Nursing as a problem statement Eminently social discipline and profession and human, so recent in our profession country unlike medicine or other social sciences are centuries training, try to find a place in of science through models concepts and theories within the society and within strata scientists and practitioners. Next Chapter II material and method being descriptive type of research transversal research level descriptive application with the method Since data collection account the diverse and complex. This research problem protected in the following aspects: Temporary: was conducted in the months of July to December 2006, Space: shall be made Establishments in Hospital J. Emergency Casimiro Ulloa, Conceptual: It identified the characteristics of nurse on the view are service workers Emergency Hospital J. Casimiro Ulloa, followed by Chapter III: which presents the analysis and data interpretation. And finally Chapter IV Conclusions We can see personnel working in the Service Emergency has years HJCU services are over 10 years, so which states that experience also part of the profile. The majority of nursing professionals did not conduct further studies and the remaining if made, referring a partially favorable. Despite these findings, staff Shows deficiencies in nursing knowledge of the profile.