ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Avaliar o valor calórico do leite humano através do método do crematócrito pré e pós- -pasteurização. Método: Por meio de estudo retrospectivo, foram analisadas 257 amostras de leite materno do banco de leite humano do Hospital Universitário Evangélico de Curitiba. As amostras incluídas no estudo foram todas as que haviam sido analisadas pré e pós-pasteurização no período de janeiro a agosto de 2009. Foi realizado o cálculo do valor energético do leite humano pré e pós-pasteurização através do método do crematócrito. Resultados: O valor calórico do leite humano pré-pasteurização foi de 62,1 kcal/100ml (DP = 9,94). No entanto, a média do valor calórico do leite humano pós-pasteurização foi 50,9 kcal/100ml (DP = 9,57). O valor calórico do leite humano pós-pasteurização teve decréscimo de 18% em comparação ao leite pré-pasteurização. Conclusão: A densidade energética do leite humano é significativamente mais baixa após a pasteurização em banco de leite humano
Objective: To evaluate the caloric value of human milk by the method of creamatocrit pre and post pasteurization. Method: Through a retrospective study, we analyzed 257 samples of breast milk bank breast milk of Evangelical Hospital in Curitiba. The samples included in the study were all that had been analyzed before and after pasteurization in the period from January to August 2009. We carried out the calculation of the energy value of human milk before and after pasteurization by creamatocrit. Results: The calorific value of human milk pre pasteurization was 62.1 kcal/100ml (DP = 9.94). However, the average caloric value of human milk after pasteurization was 50.9 kcal/100ml (DP = 9.57). The calorific value of human milk after pasteurization had decreased by 18% compared to the milk pre pasteurization. Conclusion: The energy density of human milk is significantly lower after pasteurization in human milk bank
ABSTRACT
A formação profissional em medicina é um processo bastante complexo, que exige do estudante muitos esforços, dedicação e empenho. È precido que juntamente com a formação técnica o estudante receba instrumentos para diminuir, dentro do possível, toda essa carga de estressse e ansiedade. O objetivo desse trabalho é avaliar o sucesso do processo de implantação de uma equipe para oferecer suporte na solução destes desafios do cotidiano profissional e pessoal do estudante de medicina. Uma equipe formada por dois psicólogos e uma pedagoga foi colocada a disposição dos estudantes, professores e funcionários de uma instituição de ensino superior de medicina objetivando fornecer suporte psicopedagógico e foi organizado um sistema de atendimento e direcionamento para a avaliação. Ao longo do ano de 2005 entre os alunos da 1ª a 6ª séries do curso de medicina da Faculdade Evangélica do Paraná, sendo que entre 110 atendimentos individuais 100 ocorreram entre o 1º e 2º anos do curso. As principais demandas foram: adaptação e metodologia de ensino, pressão familiar, solidão, baixa auto-estima, competitividade, agressividade e o choque entre a sua realidade anterior como estudante do ensino médio e a 1ª série do curso. A obtenção de resultados explícitos ainda não é possível. entretanto, consideramos que houve sucesso na impantação do grupo de acompanhamento psicopedagógico
Subject(s)
Education, Medical , Stress, Psychological , Students, Medical/psychologyABSTRACT
To investigate epidemiological and pathogenetic features of HTLV-I infection, a cohort of carriers has been followed at the USP Teaching Hospital since 1991. This study describes the establishment of cell lines from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of infected subjects. Ex vivo PBMC were cultured with those from a seronegative donor and morphologic evidence of cell transformation was obtained after 90 days with detection of multinucleated cells exhibiting cerebriform nuclei. Integration of HTLV-I proviral DNA and expression of viral antigens was demonstrated in culture by PCR and immunofluorescence. Cell lines were maintained for 240 days, gradually weaned from exogenous IL-2. Immunophenotyping of cell lines on flow cytometry yielded evidence of cell activation. Establishment of HTLV-I-infected cell lines from ex vivo PBMC is feasible and may be useful for studies on lymphocyte phenotypic changes and on mechanisms of HTLV-induced cell proliferation. Moreover they may be used with diagnostic purposes in immunofluorescence tests.
Subject(s)
Cell Line, Transformed/virology , Cell Transformation, Viral , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/virology , Adult , Antigens, Viral/analysis , Brazil , Cell Line, Transformed/immunology , Cell Transformation, Viral/immunology , Cohort Studies , Feasibility Studies , Female , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct , HTLV-I Infections/immunology , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/immunology , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/physiology , Humans , Immunophenotyping , Middle Aged , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
Para investigar a epidemiologia e patogênese da infecção por HTLV-I seguimos coorte de portadores dessa retrovirose no HC-FMUSP desde 1991. Este estudo descreve o estabelecimento de linhagens celulares a partir de células mononucleares periféricas (CMP) de indivíduos infectados. As CMP foram cultivadas com as de doador soronegativo, verificando-se após 90 dias evidência morfológica de transformação celular com detecção de células multinucleadas com núcleos cerebriformes. Demonstrou-se integração do DNA proviral e expressão in vitro de antígenos virais pela PCR e imunofluorescência. As linhagens celulares transformadas foram mantidas por 240 dias, com retirada gradual de IL-2 exógena. A imunofenotipagem por citometria de fluxo revelou ativação celular. O estabelecimento de linhagens celulares infectadas por HTLV-I a partir de CMP ex-vivo é exeqüível e pode ser útil na investigação de alterações fenotípicas linfocitárias e dos mecanismos de proliferação celular induzida por esse retrovírus. Podem ainda ser utilizadas com intuito diagnóstico em reações de imunofluorescência.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Cell Transformation, Viral , Deltaretrovirus Infections , Leukocytes, Mononuclear , Antigens, Viral , Brazil , Cell Line, Transformed , Cohort Studies , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct , Immunophenotyping , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
Although human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) exhibits high genetic stability, as compared to other RNA viruses and particularly to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), genotypic subtypes of this human retrovirus have been characterized in isolates from diverse geographical areas. These are currently believed not to be associated with different pathogenetic outcomes of infection. The present study aimed at characterizing genotypic subtypes of viral isolates from 70 HTLV-I-infected individuals from São Paulo, Brazil, including 42 asymptomatic carriers and 28 patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), using restricted fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of long terminal repeat (LTR) HTLV-I proviral DNA sequences. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell lysates were amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and amplicons submitted to enzymatic digestion using a panel of endonucleases. Among HTLV-I asymptomatic carriers, viral cosmopolitan subtypes A, B, C and E were identified in 73.8%, 7.1%, 7.1% and 12% of tested samples, respectively, whereas among HAM/TSP patients, cosmopolitan A (89.3%), cosmopolitan C (7.1%) and cosmopolitan E (3.6%) subtypes were detected. HTLV-I subtypes were not statistically significant associated with patients' clinical status. We also conclude that RFLP analysis is a suitable tool for descriptive studies on the molecular epidemiology of HTLV-I infections in our environment.
Subject(s)
Carrier State/virology , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/genetics , Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/genetics , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Brazil , Cohort Studies , DNA, Viral/analysis , Female , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/isolation & purification , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/epidemiology , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
We report epidemiologic and clinical features of human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis in a Brazilian cohort of 86 patients from a university hospital. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) abnormalities and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were correlated with neurologic signs and symptoms. The patients' mean age at disease onset was 43.2 years and the female to male ratio 1.5:1. Risk factors for retroviral exposure included blood transfusions, sexual transmission and intravenous drug use. Neurologic manifestations consisted mostly of spastic paraparesis, of gradual and asymmetric onset, with increased deep-tendon reflexes. Disability was associated with disease duration. CSF findings included mild mononuclear pleocytosis and elevated protein levels. MRI showed hemispheric areas of high signal intensity in 32.7% and spinal cord atrophy in 5.6% of cases, particularly in patients with longer duration of disease. A high frequency of past blood transfusion (32.6%) suggests that blood-borne infection was an important means of HTLV infection before implementation of screening of blood donors in Brazil.
