ABSTRACT
Introducción. Aproximadamente un 10% de los pacientes diagnosticados inicialmente de Enfermedad de Parkinson (E.P.), no presentan alteraciones en la vía dopaminérgica nigroestriatal en su vertiente presináptica; se engloban bajo el acrónimo SWEDDs (Scans without evidence of dopaminergic deficit) [1]. Objetivo. Revisar aquellos aspectos clínicos que pueden ayudar al diagnóstico diferencial de los SWEDDs, así como las bases del tratamiento. Desarrollo. Las técnicas complementarias empleadas en el diagnóstico de la E.P. como el DAT-SCAN, han favorecido que se establezca un diagnóstico diferencial entre estas dos entidades: E.P. y SWEDDs, cuya evolución, pronóstico y tratamiento será diferente. Conclusiones. El término SWEDDs incluye pacientes con temblor de reposo asimétrico y ausencia de disfunción de la vía dopaminérgica nigroestriatal. En casos dudosos la prueba complementaria a realizar es el DAT-SCAN. La hipótesis de que el temblor en SWEDDs pueda ser una forma de distonía primaria debe ser contrastada en futuros estudios [1]. El tratamiento de los pacientes con SWEDDs se basa en fármacos anticolinérgicos (AU)
Introduction. Approximately 10% of all patients initially diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD) do not present any alterations in the presynaptic nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway; they are classified under the acronym SWEDDs (Scans without evidence of dopaminergic deficit). Aims. Our aim is to review those clinical aspects that can be of use in the differential diagnosis of the SWEDDs, as well as the bases of treatment. Development. The complementary techniques employed in the diagnosis of PD, like DAT-SCAN, have made a valuable contribution to establishing a differential diagnosis between these two conditions, i.e. PD and SWEDDs, whose development, prognosis and treatment will be different. Conclusions. The term SWEDDs includes patients with asymmetrical tremor at rest and absence of dysfunction of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway. In doubtful cases, the complementary test to be conducted is DAT-SCAN. The hypothesis that claims that the tremor in SWEDDs may be a form of primary dystonia must be tested in future studies. The treatment of patients with SWEDDs is based on anticholinergic drugs (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Parkinson Disease/genetics , Parkinson Disease/metabolism , Neuroimaging/methods , Dopamine Agents/administration & dosage , Tremor/pathology , Cholinergic Antagonists/administration & dosage , Dystonia/physiopathology , Basal Ganglia/cytology , Parkinson Disease/complications , Parkinson Disease/pathology , Neuroimaging/instrumentation , Dopamine Agents , Tremor/complications , Cholinergic Antagonists , Dystonia/therapy , Basal Ganglia/abnormalitiesABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency/complications , Cerebral Infarction/diagnosis , Carotid Stenosis/complications , Hemianopsia/etiologyABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease are a frequent and often under-diagnosed disorder. Two of the most significant non-motor symptoms are perhaps dysphagia and sialorrhea (which are relatively common in advanced stages of the disease) owing to their important functional repercussions and to the associated comorbidity. DEVELOPMENT AND CONCLUSIONS: In recent years, different evaluation scales have been developed for clinical use and in screening the aforementioned symptoms. Of the different therapeutic options available, botulinum toxin represents the preferred treatment for sialorrhea. In contrast, speech therapy and an optimisation of the antiparkinsonian therapy are generally useful measures to treat dysphagia, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy being reserved for patients suffering from Parkinson who have severe dysphagia.
