Diferenças no consumo de alimentos entre homens e mulheres entrevistados pelo inquérito telefônico VIGITEL / Differences in food consumption between men and women interviewed by VIGITEL telephone survey / Diferencias del consumo de alimentos entre hombres y mujeres entrevistados por la encuesta telefónica VIGITEL

Objetivo: Analisar a frequência de consumo de alimentos marcadores de dieta saudável e não saudável entre homens e mulheres adultos e os fatores demográficos e socioeconômicos associados. Métodos: Estudo de corte transversal, de base populacional, com dados do Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis por Inquérito Telefônico (Vigitel). Foram incluídos 1.005 adultos (400 homens e 605 mulheres), de 20 a 59 anos, residentes em Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, entrevistados entre fevereiro e dezembro de 2014. As variáveis do estudo foram o consumo de alimentos marcadores de dieta saudável e não saudável e variáveis demográficas e socioeconômicas. Na análise de dados, utilizou-se análise bivariada por meio do teste de qui-quadrado (Rao-Scott) e teste de tendência linear. Resultados: A média de idade dos participantes foi de 37,9 anos para mulheres e 36,3 anos para os homens, dos quais 50,9% (n=605) eram mulheres, 60,0% (n=455) eram adultos jovens, de 20 a 39 anos, e de raça/cor preta ou parda (69,7%; n= 569). Maior consumo regular de frutas e hortaliças foi observado entre mulheres (p=0,01), entre aquelas de maior escolaridade e da raça/cor branca, e maior consumo de feijão foi observado entre os homens (p=0,04). O consumo de carnes com excesso de gordura foi maior entre os homens (p<0,01), assim como o consumo regular de doces (p=0,02) e a substituição das refeições principais por lanches foi maior entre as mulheres (p=0,01), ambos diretamente associados à escolaridade. Conclusão: Verificaram-se diferenças importantes no consumo de alimentos entre homens e mulheres residentes em Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. A escolaridade e a raça/cor foram variáveis que se associaram à maioria dos marcadores de consumo alimentar.

Objective: To analyze the frequency of consumption of healthy and unhealthy diet markers among adult men and women and the associated demographic and socioeconomic factors. Methods: Cross-sectional population-based study with data from the Telephone-based Surveillance of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases (Vigitel). A total of 1,005 adults (400 men and 605 women) aged 20 to 59 years living in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, were interviewed between February and December 2014. The study variables were the consumption of healthy and unhealthy diet markers, and demographic and socioeconomic variables. Data underwent bivariate analysis using the chi-squared test (Rao-Scott) and linear trend test. Results: Participants' mean age was 37.9 years for women and 36.3 years for men. In all, 50.9% (n=605) of the participants were women, 60.0% (n=455) were young adults aged 20 to 39 years, and black or parda ethnicity (69.7%; n= 569). Higher regular consumption of fruit and vegetables was observed among women (p=0.01), among those with higher levels of education and white ethnicity, and higher consumption of beans was found among men (p=0.04). The consumption of meat with excess fat was higher among men (p <0.01), and the regular consumption of sweets (p=0.02) and replacement of meals with snacks (p = 0.01) were higher among women, both directly associated with education. Conclusion: Significant differences were observed in food consumption between men and women living in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. Education and ethnicity/skin color were variables that were associated with most of the food consumption markers.

Objetivo: Analizar la frecuencia del consumo de alimentos marcadores de dieta saludable y no saludable entre hombres y mujeres adultos y los factores demográficos y socioeconómicos asociados. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal, de base poblacional con datos del Sistema de Vigilancia de Factores de Riesgo y Protección para Enfermedades Crónicas no Transmisibles a través de encuesta telefónica (Vigitel). Fueron incluidos 1.005 adultos (400 hombres e 605 mujeres), entre 20 y 59 años que vivían en Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, entrevistados entre febrero y diciembre de 2014. Las variables del estudio fueron el consumo de alimentos marcadores de dieta saludable y no saludable y las variables demográficas y socioeconómicas. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el análisis bivariado a través de la prueba Chi-cuadrado (Rao-Scott) y la prueba de tendencia linear. Resultados: La media de edad de los participantes fue de 37,9 años para las mujeres y de 36,3 años para los hombres de los cuales el 50,9% (n=605) eran mujeres, el 60,0% (n=455) eran adultos jóvenes entre 20 y 39 años y de raza/color negro o parda (69,7%; n= 569). Fue observado mayor consumo regular de frutas y hortalizas entre las mujeres (p=0,01) con más escolaridad y de la raza/color blanco y más consumo de frijoles entre los hombres (p=0,04). El consumo de carnes con mucha grasa fue mayor entre los hombres (p<0,01) así como el consumo regular de dulces (p=0,02) y la sustitución de las comidas principales por meriendas fue mayor entre las mujeres (p=0,01), los dos directamente asociados con la escolaridad. Conclusión: Se verificaron diferencias importantes en el consumo de alimentos entre los hombres y mujeres residentes de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. La escolaridad y la raza/color fueron las variables que se asociaron con la mayoría de los marcadores de consumo alimentario.

Anthropometry and body composition of vertically HIV-infected children and adolescents under therapy with and without protease inhibitors.

OBJECTIVE: Although the benefits of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have been documented, it is thought to be associated to disturbances in nutritional status. These disturbances may occur early in life and are poorly understood. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between anthropometric parameters and body composition of perinatally HIV-infected children and adolescents under HAART, according to use and non-use of protease inhibitors. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study undertaken between August and December 2007. Demographic, socio-economic, clinical and anthropometric data were collected from the patients. The χ 2 test, Wilcoxon rank sum test (Mann-Whitney) and t test were used to compare the following variables between users and non-users of protease inhibitors: age, gender, per capita income, HAART exposure, antiretroviral therapy adopted in the last three years, CD4 count, viral load, pubertal stage, nutritional status (BMI-for-age, height-for-age, waist and neck circumferences, triceps skinfold thickness, body fat percentage, upper-arm fat area and upper-arm muscle area). SETTING: An HIV/AIDS out-patient clinic, São Paulo, Brazil. SUBJECTS: One hundred and fifteen patients (children and adolescents aged 6-19 years). RESULTS: Protease inhibitors users had a higher prevalence of stunting (P=0.03), lower BMI (P=0.03) and lower percentage of body fat (P=0.05) compared with non-users. There was no statistically significant difference between the HAART regimens and measurements of fat adiposity. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the study suggest that children and adolescents under protease inhibitors are at higher risk of growth and development deviations, but not at risk of body fat redistribution.