Deep learning classification of reading disability with regional brain volume features.

Developmental reading disability is a prevalent and often enduring problem with varied mechanisms that contribute to its phenotypic heterogeneity. This mechanistic and phenotypic variation, as well as relatively modest sample sizes, may have limited the development of accurate neuroimaging-based classifiers for reading disability, including because of the large feature space of neuroimaging datasets. An unsupervised learning model was used to reduce deformation-based data to a lower-dimensional manifold and then supervised learning models were used to classify these latent representations in a dataset of 96 reading disability cases and 96 controls (mean age: 9.86 ± 1.56 years). A combined unsupervised autoencoder and supervised convolutional neural network approach provided an effective classification of cases and controls (accuracy: 77%; precision: 0.75; recall: 0.78). Brain regions that contributed to this classification accuracy were identified by adding noise to the voxel-level image data, which showed that reading disability classification accuracy was most influenced by the superior temporal sulcus, dorsal cingulate, and lateral occipital cortex. Regions that were most important for the accurate classification of controls included the supramarginal gyrus, orbitofrontal, and medial occipital cortex. The contribution of these regions reflected individual differences in reading-related abilities, such as non-word decoding or verbal comprehension. Together, the results demonstrate an optimal deep learning solution for classification using neuroimaging data. In contrast with standard mass-univariate test results, results from the deep learning model also provided evidence for regions that may be specifically affected in reading disability cases.

Krimighna (anthelmintic) role of Neem Oil (medicated oil of Azadirachta indica Linn.) and adjuvant Ayurvedic therapies in the management of anal myiasis: A case report.

Myiasis is an uncommon pathology of parasitic infestation in live mammals by fly larvae (maggots). The fly grows and gets nourished by invading host tissue. Epidemiology of Myiasis has been recorded in tropical regions of world. No any documentation has been found on Ayurvedic intervention for anal myiasis management. The study is about a 49-year male having anal myiasis along and interno-external piles together. The case was managed by local application of Neem oil (Medicated oil of Azadirachta indica Linn.) soaked gauze piece once a day on daily bases in the invaded tissues of myiasis along with Ksharasutra ligation in the base of pile mass once during the treatment protocol. Internal medicines like Pippali (Piper longum Linn.), Erand Bhrisht Haritaki (Terminalia chebula Retz. roasted with castor oil) and Vidanga (Embelica ribes Burm. f.) were prescribed along with the local management during the course of the treatment. The case was completely cured and was relieved in 29 days. Neem oil revealed Krimighna (anthelmintic) effect which helped in tissue debridement and enhanced wound healing. Neem oil remains less irritant on local application and also gives soothing effect and kills the maggots as well.

Fabrication of High Aspect Ratio Gold Nanowires within the Microtubule Lumen.

Gold nanowires have great potential use as interconnects in electronic, photonic, and optoelectronic devices. To date, there are various fabrication strategies for gold nanowires, each one associated with particular drawbacks as they utilize high temperatures, toxic chemicals, or expensive compounds to produce nanowires of suboptimal quality. Inspired by nanowire fabrication strategies that used higher-order biopolymer structures as molds for electroless deposition of gold, we here report a strategy for the growth of gold nanowires from seed nanoparticles within the lumen of microtubules. Luminal targeting of seed particles occurs through covalently linked Fab fragments of an antibody recognizing the acetylated lysine 40 on the luminal side of α-tubulin. Gold nanowires grown by electroless deposition within the microtubule lumen exhibit a homogeneous morphology and high aspect ratios with a mean diameter of 20 nm. Our approach is fast, simple, and inexpensive and does not require toxic chemicals or other harsh conditions.

Triangulated Wireframe Structures Assembled Using Single-Stranded DNA Tiles.

The field of structural DNA nanotechnology offers a wide range of design strategies with which to build structures with a desired aspect ratio, size, and shape. Compared with traditional close-packed DNA structures, triangulated wireframe structures require less material per surface or volume unit and improve the stability in biologically relevant conditions due to the reduced electrostatic repulsion. Herein, we expand the design space of the DNA single-stranded tile method to cover a range of anisotropic, finite, triangulated wireframe structures as well as a number of one-dimensional crystalline assemblies. These structures are composed of six-arm junctions with a single double helix as connecting edges that assemble in physiologically relevant salinities. For a reliable folding of the structures, single-stranded spacers 2-4 nucleotides long have to be introduced in the junction connecting neighboring arms. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations using the oxDNA model suggests that the spacers prevent the stacking of DNA helices, thereby facilitating the assembly of planar geometries.

Effect of Agnikarma (therapeutic heat burns) and Raktamokshana (therapeutic bloodletting) in the management of Kati Sandhigata Vata (lumbar spondylosis).

BACKGROUND: Agnikarma (therapeutic heat burns) and Raktamokshana (therapeutic bloodletting) are the treatment modalities mentioned in Ayurveda texts to combat the clinical condition of Sandhigata Vata (osteoarthritis) which occurs due to provoked Vata Dosha and/or Vyana Vayu overlapped with Kapha. Lumbar spondylosis is a degenerative disorder presenting with lower back pain, stiffness, numbness, difficulty in movement etc., with evidence of osteophytes and reduced disc height in plain film radiograph. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of Agnikarma and Raktamokshana in the management of Kati Sandhigata Vata (lumbar spondylosis). MATERIALS AND METHODS: After obtaining CTRI registration, total 32 cases of lumbar spondylosis were registered and allocated into two groups by simple random sampling method. 16 patients were treated with Agnikarma with Panchadhatu Shalaka (group A) and 16 patients were treated with Raktamokshana by modified Shringa Yantra (group B). RESULTS: The result was assessed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and paired t-test. Significant results were observed in relieving lower back pain, stiffness, numbness and painful movements in both the groups. CONCLUSION: Agnikarma was found more effective in relieving pain and numbness in lower back and Raktamokshana was found better in relieving pain and stiffness of lower back.