ABSTRACT
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with increased perinatal mortality and morbidity, and plays an important role in the development of adult cardiovascular diseases. This study brings forward a hypothesis that Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from IUGR newborns present dysfunctions and varying changes of signaling pathways as compared to the Control group. Similar pathways may also be present in pulmonary or systemic vasculatures. HUVECs were derived from newborns. There were three groups according to the different fetal origins: normal newborns (Control), IUGR from poor maternal nutrition (IUGR1), and pregnancy-induced hypertension (IUGR2). We found that IUGR-derived HUVECs showed a proliferative phenotype compared to those from normal subjects. Interestingly, two types IUGR could cause varying degrees of cellular dysfunction. Meanwhile, the Notch1 signaling pathway showed enhanced activation in the two IUGR-induced HUVECs, with subsequent activation of Akt or extracellular signal regulated protein kinases1/2 (ERK1/2). Pharmacological inhibition or gene silencing of Notch1 impeded the proliferative phenotype of IUGR-induced HUVECs and reduced the activation of ERK1/2 and AKT. In summary, elevated Notch1 levels might play a crucial role in IUGR-induced HUVECs disorders through the activation of ERK1/2 and AKT. These pathways could be potential therapeutic targets for prevention of the progression of IUGR associated diseases later in life.
Subject(s)
Fetal Growth Retardation/metabolism , Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism , Neovascularization, Pathologic , Receptor, Notch1/metabolism , Adult , Apoptosis , Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism , Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism , Cell Movement , Cell Proliferation , Cells, Cultured , Diamines/pharmacology , Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism , Female , Fetal Growth Retardation/pathology , Gamma Secretase Inhibitors and Modulators/pharmacology , Gene Silencing , Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/drug effects , Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/pathology , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Phenotype , Phosphorylation , Pregnancy , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism , Receptor, Notch1/antagonists & inhibitors , Receptor, Notch1/genetics , Signal Transduction , Thiazoles/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Juvenile arthritis (JA) is an autoimmune condition affecting children. We used the 2017 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) to evaluate the impact of JA in the United States. The admission data were converted to weighted form and patients between the ages of 0 and 18 (inclusive) were used in our study. 560 weighted cases were found in 2017. It was more common in females than males (340 females, 220 males), Whites (235 cases), and Medicaid covered 61.6% of all patients with JA (345 cases). The total hospital charges were $25,147,389 while the mean length of stay (LOS) was 4.55 days. The highest number of cases was reported in April 2017.
Subject(s)
Atrial Fibrillation , Atrial Flutter , HIV Infections , Long QT Syndrome , Myocardial Infarction , Adult , Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Atrial Flutter/complications , Electrocardiography , HIV Infections/complications , Humans , Long QT Syndrome/complications , Myocardial Infarction/complicationsSubject(s)
Anemia, Sickle Cell/epidemiology , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/epidemiology , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/mortality , Atrial Fibrillation/epidemiology , Atrial Fibrillation/mortality , Atrial Flutter/epidemiology , Atrial Flutter/mortality , Databases, Factual , Disease Progression , Hospitalization , Humans , Incidence , Long QT Syndrome/epidemiology , Long QT Syndrome/mortality , Retrospective Studies , Tachycardia, Supraventricular/epidemiology , Tachycardia, Supraventricular/mortality , United States/epidemiology , Ventricular Fibrillation/epidemiology , Ventricular Fibrillation/mortalitySubject(s)
Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology , Electrocardiography , ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction/complications , Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy/complications , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/epidemiology , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology , Global Health , Humans , Incidence , ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology , Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy/physiopathologySubject(s)
Cocaine , Stroke , Adolescent , Humans , Stroke/epidemiology , United States/epidemiologySubject(s)
Acute Chest Syndrome/diagnosis , Anemia, Sickle Cell/complications , Acute Chest Syndrome/epidemiology , Acute Chest Syndrome/etiology , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Prognosis , United States/epidemiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To provide an estimate on the most recent burden of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in the United States. METHODS: The 2016 Kids' Inpatient Database, provided by the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and its partners, was used to identify patients with NAS in the United States. The data consisted of pediatric admissions from 4200 US hospitals recorded between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2016. Data were converted to weighted form to project a national estimate on the possible number of neonates affected by NAS. Differences in sex, race, location, household income, primary payer form, length of stay, and total charges were studied. RESULTS: The sample contained 32 128 patients with NAS (0.8%), among whom 17 164 (53.5%) were boys and 14 935 (46.5%) were girls (P < .001); 23 027 (80.4%) were white (P < .001), and 13 583 (42.3%) were from the southern parts of the United States (P < .001). Medicaid covered 83.8% of patients, and 40.2% had an income within the first quartile of national averages (P < .001). The overall mean and median length of stay were 16.45 and 12.00 days, respectively, and the mean and median total charges were calculated as $79 937.75 and $38 537.00, respectively. The total charges of NAS were $2 549 098 822. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of NAS is on a constant rise; the number of cases rose from 21 732 in 2012 to 32 128 in 2016. Hospital charges have also tripled over the last 7 years to $2.5 billion in 2016.
Subject(s)
Cost of Illness , Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome , Female , Hospital Charges , Hospitalization , Humans , Incidence , Infant, Newborn , Length of Stay , Male , Medicaid , Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome/epidemiology , United StatesSubject(s)
Arrhythmias, Cardiac/chemically induced , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/epidemiology , Cannabis/adverse effects , Adolescent , Age Factors , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology , Atrial Fibrillation/chemically induced , Atrial Fibrillation/epidemiology , Atrial Flutter/chemically induced , Atrial Flutter/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Incidence , Long QT Syndrome/chemically induced , Long QT Syndrome/epidemiology , Male , Pre-Excitation Syndromes/chemically induced , Pre-Excitation Syndromes/epidemiology , Prevalence , Risk Assessment , United States/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a medium-sized-vessel vasculitis that affects mostly children. The 2016 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kid's Inpatient Database (HCUP KID) was used in weighted form to investigate differences in gender, month of year, race, region, total charges, and household income in the United States. 5503 weighted cases were found. It was more common in males (3345, 60.8%) than females (2158, 39.2%) (p < 0.01). Most admitted KD patients were white (1913, 38.1%). A higher prevalence of Kawasaki disease was seen among patients of Asian or Pacific Islander background (0.2%). The southern regions of the United States reported the highest rate of admission with 2036 patients (37%). The median age on admission was 2 years (interquartile range [IQR] of 1-5, p < 0.01) and the median charge was $32,170 (IQR: $20,825-$50,502.05) (p < 0.01). Most admissions of Kawasaki disease were recorded in winter with a peak in March (623, 11.3%) (p < 0.01).
