ABSTRACT
AIM: The aim of this article was to review the available literature on the use of drug-coated balloons (DCB) for endovascular treatment of femoropopliteal arterial stenosis. METHODS: Manual searches of articles, presentations, and clinical trials were performed. Selected references were reviewed and summarized. RESULTS: Due to the high morbidity associated with femoropopliteal bypass, endovascular approaches, such as balloon angioplasty and stent placement, have become the first line of therapy for isolated, de novo femoral atherosclerosis. However, percutaneous interventions have been limited by restenosis. In an effort to overcome this obstacle, the use of antiproproliferative drugs to inhibit hyperplasia has been attempted. The success of drug-eluting stents (DES) in the coronary circulation has not been reproduced in the femoropopliteal segment. Animal and human experiments have shown prolonged inhibition of intimal hyperplasia with single delivery of large doses of paclitaxel during balloon angioplasty. Recent randomized trials have shown significant advantages at 12 and 24 month angiographic follow-up with the use of DCB when compared to standard balloon angioplasty. CONCLUSION: Several clinical trials have demonstrated promising early results with the use of DCB in treating femoropopliteal stenosis. However, long term results, exact indications, and optimal applications are yet to be determined.
Subject(s)
Angioplasty, Balloon/instrumentation , Arterial Occlusive Diseases/therapy , Cardiovascular Agents/administration & dosage , Coated Materials, Biocompatible , Femoral Artery , Paclitaxel/administration & dosage , Popliteal Artery , Angioplasty, Balloon/adverse effects , Animals , Constriction, Pathologic , Drug-Eluting Stents , Humans , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Abnormal regulation of gene expression is essential for tumorigenesis. Recent studies indicate that regulation of oncogene expression and neoplastic transformation are controlled by subunits of eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs). Here we focused on eIF3 performing a pivotal role in protein synthesis and the differential expression of its subunits in cancer. The most uncharacterized non-core subunit eIF3m was confirmed to be highly expressed in human cancer cell lines and colon cancer patient tissues. By expression silencing with eIF3m-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA), we confirmed that eIF3m influences cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and cell death in human colon cancer cell line HCT-116. Using a ribonomics approach, we identified a subset of elF3m-influenced genes and showed that the expression of two highly represented tumorigenesis-related genes, MIF and MT2, were affected by eIF3m at the mRNA level. We also confirmed eIF3m-dependent regulation of MT2A downstream molecule CDC25A, which is necessary for cell cycle progression in HCT-116 cells. These results suggest that eIF3m mediates regulation of tumorigenesis-related genes in human colon cancer. Further investigations on tumorigenesis-related genes and their regulation by eIFs will provide clues for designing targeted therapy for cancer.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/genetics , Colonic Neoplasms/genetics , Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-3/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/physiology , Adenocarcinoma/metabolism , Blotting, Northern , Blotting, Western , Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism , HCT116 Cells , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , RNA, Small Interfering , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
The authors experienced the bronchial aspiration of metal crown during dental treatment. This article discussed prevention and management of this event. The following conclusions were obtained from this study. 1. The preventive measures such as pharyngeal screen must be used in insertion and removal of metal casting. 2. The patient should be informed of this event before treatment. 3. If prosthesis was disappeared in oral cavity during dental treatment, a dentist must consult the radiologist for diagnostic x-ray taking, even though patient has no symptoms suggestive of aspiration of foreign body. 4. If expulsion of a prosthesis from the airway is not occurred, consultation to the ENT for bronchoscopy should be accompanied.
