ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cancer is considered a major public health problem due to its increasing incidence and high mortality. This study aims to identify risk factors for cancer mortality in Spain. METHODS: Retrospective population-based cohort study in 20,397 participants of the 2011/2012 National Health Survey in Spain. Risk factors associated with mortality due to neoplasm from 2011 to 2017 were analyzed, and hazard ratios were calculated with a multivariate Cox model with competing risks for mortality from other causes. RESULTS: Myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cirrhosis, and mental disorders were associated with an increased risk of mortality due to neoplasm. Male sex, age over 50 years, history or current smoking habit, negligible intake of legumes, and poorer self-perceived health were also associated with increased cancer mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Comorbidities, tobacco use, poor diet, and worse self-perceived health were the main risk factors for cancer mortality in Spain.
Subject(s)
Neoplasms , Cohort Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasms/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
During the clinical evolution of patients with cancer there are many occasions, or phases of the disease, when there are no specific treatments and, as such, we need to provide maximum comfort following appropriate symptom control; in this stage it is fundamental to respect personal autonomy together with the option to reject futile treatment. With appropriate control of symptoms it is possible to reach the stage where the majority of the patients do not continue to suffer. Continuous-care providers for cancer patients are those who are responsible for providing help to resolve these situations. In palliative medicine there are highly-efficacious procedures to the help in these last hours. Sedation is applied when it is impossible to control symptoms by other means. With appropriate Carer cover, it is not necessary to introduce laws on assisted suicide and/or active voluntary euthanasia, neither because of the magnitude of demand, nor because of the difficulties in achieving appropriate control of symptoms.
Subject(s)
Caregivers , Euthanasia , Neoplasms/therapy , Patient Care Team , Terminal Care/methods , Australia , Europe , Euthanasia/legislation & jurisprudence , Euthanasia, Active/ethics , Euthanasia, Active/legislation & jurisprudence , Euthanasia, Active/psychology , Euthanasia, Passive/ethics , Euthanasia, Passive/legislation & jurisprudence , Euthanasia, Passive/psychology , Humans , Japan , Medical Futility , Neoplasms/psychology , Palliative Care , Personal Autonomy , Right to Die/legislation & jurisprudence , Suicide, Assisted/legislation & jurisprudence , Terminal Care/ethics , Terminal Care/legislation & jurisprudence , Terminal Care/psychology , Terminally Ill/psychology , United StatesABSTRACT
La evolución de los enfermos con cáncer conduce en muchas ocasiones a fases de la enfermedad en las que no existen tratamientos específicos y éstos debemos aplicarlos en la consecución del máximo confort a través de un adecuado control sintomático, en esa etapa es fundamental el respeto de la autonomía personal y la posibilidad del rechazo de tratamientos fútiles. Con el adecuado control de síntomas es posible lograr que la mayoría de los enfermos no padezcan sufrimientos. Los cuidados continuos en el paciente oncológico son los responsables de ayudarnos a resolver estas situaciones. En medicina paliativa existe un procedimiento altamente eficaz en la ayuda en las últimas horas, la sedación, aplicable cuando sea imposible el control sintomático con otros medios. Con una cobertura adecuada de cuidados no debería ser necesario introducir leyes de suicidio asistido y/o eutanasia activa voluntaria, ni por la magnitud de la demanda, ni por las dificultades en el adecuado control sintomático
During the clinical evolution of patients with cancer there are many occasions, or phases of the disease, when there are no specific treatments and, as such, we need to provide maximum comfort following appropriate symptom control; in this stage it is fundamental to respect personal autonomy together with the option to reject futile treatment. With appropriate control of symptoms it is possible to reach the stage where the majority of the patients do not continue to suffer. Continuous-care providers for cancer patients are those who are responsible for providing help to resolve these situations. In palliative medicine there are highly-efficacious procedures to the help in these last hours. Sedation is applied when it is impossible to control symptoms by other means. With appropriate Carer cover, it is not necessary to introduce laws on assisted suicide and/or active voluntary euthanasia, neither because of the magnitude of demand, nor because of the difficulties in achieving appropriate control of symptoms
