Construcción de las identidades de género y las implicaciones en la violencia en adolescentes indígenas / Construction of gender identities and the implications for violence in indigenous adolescents

Objetivo: Comprender las reflexiones sobre la construcción de las identidades de género y las implicaciones en la violencia expuestas por adolescentes indígenas en el noreste de Oaxaca. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo con referencial filosófico del interaccionismo simbólico. Participantes: 45 adolescentes entre 12 y 16 años de edad de comunidades indígenas chinantecas. Se conformaron cinco grupos focales respetando el criterio de homogeneidad en relación con la edad. El análisis se realizó con base en la Teoría Fundamentada en los Datos. Resultados principales: Emergieron dos temas centrales: “Construcción social de ser hombre o mujer en la comunidad chinanteca” y “Las nuevas generaciones y las percepciones sobre género”. Conclusión principal: Los usos y costumbres propios de la cultura chinanteca se conjugan con el género para internalizar los roles asignados a hombres y mujeres. Son las mujeres quienes empiezan a cuestionar los privilegios de los hombres en una cultura anclada en los usos y costumbres.(AU)

Objective: To understand the reflections about the construction of gender identities and the implications for violence in indigenous adolescents in north-east Oaxaca. Methods: Qualitative study with philosophical reference of symbolic interactionism. Participants: 45 teenagers between 12 and 16 years of age from Chinantec indigenous communities. Five focus groups were formed adhering to the criteria of homogeneity in relation to age. The analysis was based on the Grounded Theory in the data. Results: Two central themes emerged: "Social construction of being a man or woman in the Chinantec community" and "The new generations and the perceptions of gender." Conclusions: The uses and customs of the Chinantec culture are combined with the gender to internalize the roles assigned to men and women. Women are the ones who begin to question the privileges of men in a culture anchored in uses and customs.(AU)

Ser mujer indígena, vivir con VIH y violencia de pareja: una triple vulneración frente al derecho a la salud / Being an indigenous woman, living with HIV and intimate partner violence: a triple vulnerability in the right to health

Introducción: La epidemia del VIH/Sida se ha reconfigurado en la última década, su tendencia a la feminización y ruralización se ha asociado de manera estrecha con la violencia de género y la discriminación racial. Objetivo: Analizar desde el marco del cuidado enfermero, el impacto de la violencia de pareja en la vida de una mujer indígena que vive con VIH. Metodología: Se trató de una aproximación desde el enfoque biográfico, la información recuperada se procesó mediante análisis crítico del discurso. Resultados: Los relatos recuperan las experiencias de una mujer indígena que contrajo VIH, y cómo la trayectoria de la enfermedad ha estado enmarcada por la violencia de pareja y la discriminación social. Conclusiones: La violencia de pareja contribuye a la vulnerabilidad de las mujeres indígenas frente al VIH/sida, la trayectoria de la enfermedad recrudece las formas de violencia que en general, viven estas mujeres

Introduction: The HIV/AIDS epidemic has been reconfigured in the last decade, its tendency to feminization and ruralization is associated with gender violence and racial discrimination. Objective: To analyze from the framework of nursing care, the impact of intimate partner violence on the lives of indigenous women living with HIV. Methodology: A biographical study was carried out, the recovered information was processed through critical discourse analysis. Results: The stories recover the experiences of an indigenous woman who contracted HIV, and how the trajectory of the disease has been framed by partner violence and social discrimination. Conclusions: Intimate partner violence contributes to the vulnerability of indigenous women in the face of HIV/AIDS; the trajectory of the disease exacerbates the forms of violence experienced by these women

"A dismantled society": meta-synthesis of the phenomenon of violence in indigenous populations.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze publications of qualitative studies that addressed the phenomenon of violence in indigenous population. METHOD: Meta-synthesis of studies published in the period of 2006 to 2016, with search in the Ebsco Host, Cuiden Plus, Science Direct, Springer, and Web of Science databases. RESULTS: A new reinterpretation of the findings was generated from the codes and categories of the primary articles. Five categories emerged: living violence, factors associated with patterns of violence, consequences of violence, interaction dynamics in situations of violence, and how to deal with violence. CONCLUSIONS: Indigenous people experience different types of violence at an early age; experienced in the family. This makes it an emerging social problem that must be taken care of urgently and represents an area of opportunity for the nursing professionals whose central focus is human care.

"A dismantled society": meta-synthesis of the phenomenon of violence in indigenous populations / "Uma sociedade desmantelada": metassíntese do fenômeno da violência nas populações indígenas / "Una sociedad desmantelada": metasíntesis del fenómeno de violencia en poblaciones indígenas

Abstract OBJECTIVE To analyze publications of qualitative studies that addressed the phenomenon of violence in indigenous population. METHOD Meta-synthesis of studies published in the period of 2006 to 2016, with search in the Ebsco Host, Cuiden Plus, Science Direct, Springer, and Web of Science databases. RESULTS A new reinterpretation of the findings was generated from the codes and categories of the primary articles. Five categories emerged: living violence, factors associated with patterns of violence, consequences of violence, interaction dynamics in situations of violence, and how to deal with violence. CONCLUSIONS Indigenous people experience different types of violence at an early age; experienced in the family. This makes it an emerging social problem that must be taken care of urgently and represents an area of opportunity for the nursing professionals whose central focus is human care.

Resumo OBJETIVO Analisar as publicações de estudos qualitativos que abordaram o fenômeno da violência na população indígena. MÉTODO Trata-se de uma metassíntese de estudos publicados entre os anos de 2006 a 2016, indexados nas bases de dados eletrônicos Ebsco Host, Cuiden Plus, Science Direct, Springer, e Web of Science. RESULTADO Uma nova reinterpretação dos códigos e das categorias de artigos primários foi gerada. Emergiram cinco categorias: viver a violência, fatores associados aos padrões de violência, consequências da violência, interação dinâmica nas situações de violência, e como a violência é enfrentada. CONCLUSÕES Os povos indígenas experimentam diferentes tipos de violência desde a infância, vividos no seio familiar. Isto se converte em um problema social emergente, que deve ser abordado com urgência, e representa uma área que precisa de atenção dos profissionais de enfermagem, cujo foco principal é o cuidado humano.

Resumen OBJETIVO Analizar las publicaciones de estudios cualitativos que abordaron el fenómeno de violencia en población indígena. MÉTODO Metasíntesis de estudios publicados en el periodo 2006 al 2016, con búsqueda en la base de datos Ebsco Host, Cuiden Plus, Science Direct, Springer, y Web of Science. RESULTADOS Se generó una nueva reinterpretación a partir de los códigos y categorías de los artículos primarios. Emergieron cinco categorías: vivir la violencia, factores asociados a los patrones de violencia, consecuencias de la violencia, dinámicas de interacción en situaciones de violencia y cómo enfrentar la violencia. CONCLUSIONES Las personas indígenas experimentan diferentes tipos de violencia a edad temprana; vividas en el seno familiar. Esto la convierte en un problema social emergente que debe ser atendido con urgencia y representa un área de oportunidad para el profesional de enfermería cuyo foco central es el cuidado humano.

Determinantes sociales de salud asociados al virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en mujeres indígenas del norte de Oaxaca, México / Social determinants of health associated to the human immunodeficiency virus of indigenous women in north Oaxaca, México

La vulnerabilidad al contagio del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) puede aumentar en base a determinantes sociales de salud (DSS) específicos, que también pueden afectar a la falta de adherencia a una conducta sexual sin riesgo y al acceso al tratamiento antirretroviral en las mujeres indígenas. En consecuencia, se hace necesario revisar, mediante este estudio de tipo documental, cuáles son esos DSS en el caso de un grupo de mujeres indígenas del norte de Oaxaca y cómo afectan estos aspectos, así como el papel relevante de la enfermería para su mejor abordaje. Los DSS se clasificaron en 3 niveles: macro (nivel socioeconómico, ingresos, migración y educación), meso (cultura, género y acceso a los servicios de salud) y micro (estilos de vida y adopción de sexo seguro). Las mujeres indígenas de escasos recursos se convierten en blanco fácil del VIH, al practicar comportamientos sexuales de riesgo de forma involuntaria. El profesional de enfermería es el personal clave que puede incidir en las conductas de las mujeres a través de intervenciones eficaces que ayuden a potenciar la autoconfianza y el empoderamiento, utilizando los recursos que la persona posee

The vulnerability to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection may increase based on specific social determinants of health, which can also affect the lack of adherence to a safe sexual behaviour and access to antiretroviral treatment in indigenous women. Consequently, it is necessary to review, through a documentary study, what are those determinants in the case of a group of indigenous women from the North of Oaxaca and how these aspects affect those women, as well as the important role of nursing for the best approach. Social determinants are classified into 3 levels: macro (socioeconomic status, income, migration and education), meso (culture, gender and access to health services) and micro (lifestyles and adoption of safe sex). Indigenous women with limited resources become easy targets of HIV by engaging in risky sexual behaviours inadvertently. The nurse is a key professional who can influence behaviours of women through effective interventions that help foster self-confidence and empowerment, using the resources that the person possesses

[Social determinants of health associated to the human immunodeficiency virus of indigenous women in north Oaxaca, México]. / Determinantes sociales de salud asociados al virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en mujeres indígenas del norte de Oaxaca, México.

The vulnerability to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection may increase based on specific social determinants of health, which can also affect the lack of adherence to a safe sexual behavior and access to antiretroviral treatment in indigenous women. Consequently, it is necessary to review, through a documentary study, what are those determinants in the case of a group of indigenous women from the North of Oaxaca and how these aspects affect those women, as well as the important role of nursing for the best approach. Social determinants are classified into 3 levels: macro (socioeconomic status, income, migration and education), meso (culture, gender and access to health services) and micro (lifestyles and adoption of safe sex). Indigenous women with limited resources become easy targets of HIV by engaging in risky sexual behaviors inadvertently. The nurse is a key professional who can influence behaviors of women through effective interventions that help foster self-confidence and empowerment, using the resources that the person possesses.