ABSTRACT
The V World Youth Championship for FIFA Cup was held for the first time in Saudi Arabia from 16-2-89 till 3-3-89. Sports injuries at this competitions was reported from the city of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia with eight matches taking place at different days. Out of 176 soccer players from group C (Brazil, Germany DR, Mali and USA) who participated in this competition, only six were injured and 7 injuries were noted with an incidence of 3.98% (n = 7/176). Lower limb injuries predominated (ankle sprain: 28.57%; tibia fracture: 14.29%), whereas head, facial, radius and rib injuries had equal rates (14.29%). Also, fractures predominated (42.86%) due to the aggressive attitudes. Concussion (14.29%) and cut wound (14.29%) were less common. High skills, good physical fitness, compliance of rules and regulations, strict surveillance of violence and misbehaviour by the FIFA cup organizing team and allied offices led to the well performance, safer environment and low incidence of sports injuries.
Subject(s)
Soccer/injuries , Humans , Male , Saudi Arabia/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Changes in serum and plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones, cortisol, and catecholamines were measured simultaneously in 16 patients undergoing major elective orthopedic surgery. Blood samples were collected preoperatively and at 2, 6, 24, 48, 96, and 168 hr after surgery. A significant decrease in TT3 and FT3 and an increase in rT3 were noted after surgery. TT4 started to decrease 48 hr after surgery whereas FT4 showed no significant change over the same period of time. The concentration of TSH fell progressively after surgery reaching a nadir by Day 7. The concentrations of cortisol were increased markedly throughout the course after surgery. Adrenaline and noradrenaline levels were increased markedly during the first 24 hr postsurgery. Both the thyroglobulin and TBG together with albumin concentration values were decreased after surgery as compared to preoperative values. It is concluded that the changes in thyroid hormone levels after major elective orthopedic surgery seem to be independent of changes in plasma catecholamines and/or cortisol concentrations.
