ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Acroangiodermatitis, also known as psesudo-Kapsoi sarcoma, is a rare and benign angioproliferative malady. It presents clinically as purple-colored plaques, patches, or nodules resembling Kaposi sarcoma and is often related to chronic venous insufficiency, arteriovenous malformation of the legs, paralyzed limbs, and residual limbs. Obesity is a risk factor for venous insufficiency and could be related to acroangiodermatitis. CASE REPORT: The authors report a case of acroangiodermatitis of the bilateral legs that was misdiagnosed for 3 years. The diagnosis was confirmed using histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations such as hematoxylin and eosin staining and CD34 immunostaining. Multiple modalities were utilized to treat the wounds, including serial debridement, compression dressings, and silver antimicrobial dressings. CONCLUSIONS: It should be stressed that chronic, nonhealing wounds should be biopsied to obtain a proper diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Acrodermatitis/diagnosis , Debridement/methods , Disabled Persons , Obesity, Morbid/diagnosis , Skin Diseases, Vascular/diagnosis , Venous Insufficiency/diagnosis , Acrodermatitis/complications , Acrodermatitis/etiology , Acrodermatitis/physiopathology , Comorbidity , Compression Bandages , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Middle Aged , Obesity, Morbid/physiopathology , Skin Diseases, Vascular/complications , Skin Diseases, Vascular/physiopathology , Treatment Failure , Venous Insufficiency/complications , Venous Insufficiency/physiopathology , WheelchairsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Glycogen Rich Clear Cell Carcinoma (GRCC) is a rare variant of breast carcinomas and believed to be linked with a poor prognosis. CASE SUMMARY: We are presenting a 60-year-old Saudi lady with a 2cm GRCC carcinoma associated with clear cell ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and no axillary lymph node involvement. The tumor was Estrogen and Progesterone receptors (ER & PR) positive and HER 2-neu negative. She underwent mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy followed by hormonal therapy. She is alive and free of disease for 35 months. CONCLUSION: The prognosis of GRCC may not be different from other types of invasive breast cancer.
Subject(s)
Apocrine Glands/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Cystadenoma/pathology , Adult , Axilla , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Cystadenoma/surgery , Female , HumansABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: Encapsulated papillary carcinoma (EPC) of the breast is a distinct histological subtype characterised by malignant epithelial proliferation supported by fibrovascular stalks. Although EPC typically lacks myoepithelial cells, it shows indolent clinical course. The classification of EPC as an in situ, or invasive disease, remains a matter of debate. METHODS: In this study, the authors investigated a panel of invasion-associated markers in a series of EPC and compared their expression with control groups of non-papillary ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and conventional invasive carcinomas. The expression pattern of four matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-7 and MMP-9), transforming growth factor receptor beta, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and E-cadherin were assessed in the tumour cell and/or stromal tissue, and the results were analysed. RESULTS: EPC showed higher expression levels of both MMP-1 and MMP-9 compared with DCIS, and no significant differences were observed between EPC and invasive carcinoma. Expression of MMP-2 and MMP-7 levels were similar in EPC and DCIS, but both showed lower levels compared with invasive tumours. EPC showed higher expression of E-cadherin and transforming growth factor receptor ß1 compared with both DCIS and invasive cancer. No difference in the stromal expression of MMPs or tumour expression of VEGF was detected. CONCLUSION: EPC exhibits an expression pattern of invasion-associated markers, which is intermediate in nature between DCIS and invasive cancer, providing further support of the unique biological features of EPC, and which may explain its clinically indolent behaviour.
