ABSTRACT
A method for transforming planar electronic devices into 3D structures under mechanically mild and stable conditions is demonstrated. This strategy involves diffusion control of acetone as a plasticizer into a spatially designed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) framework to both laminate membrane-type electronic devices and transform them into a desired 3D shape. Optical, mechanical, and electrical analysis reveals that the plasticized region serves as a damper and even reflows to release the stress of fragile elements, for example, an Au interconnect electrode in this study, below the ultimate stress point. This method also gives considerable freedom in aligning electronic devices not only in the neutral mechanical plane of the ABS framework, which is the general approach in flexible electronics, but also to the top surface, without inducing electrical failure. Finally, to develop a prototype omnidirectional optical system with minimal aberrations, this method is used to produce a bezel-less tetrahedral image sensor.
ABSTRACT
We propose a novel walk-off-compensation method for ultraviolet-light-source development. A walk-off occurring in the frequency mixing of infrared and green beams is doubly compensated for using an external walk-off compensator and a nonlinear-material set with internal walk-off-compensation arrangement. We theoretically and experimentally verified that our method can improve the power and beam shape of the output ultraviolet beam.
ABSTRACT
The coherent control of optical images has garnered attention because all information embedded in optical images is expected to be controlled in a parallel way. One of the most important control processes is switch for information delivery. We experimentally demonstrated phase-controlled optical image switching in a double-Λ system where the transmission of the image through a medium was switched. Two independent laser sources were adopted for a double-Λ system such that images inscribed in two weak probe light beams were incoherent with each other. Arbitrary phase was added to the optical images to show that switching could be accomplished just with the relative phase difference between the probe pixels.
Subject(s)
Image Enhancement/instrumentation , Refractometry/instrumentation , Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted/instrumentation , Equipment Design , Equipment Failure AnalysisABSTRACT
Treatment by All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) followed by anthracycline-AraC chemotherapy has improved the outcome of acute promyelocytic leukemia. ATRA is usually well tolerated, but a few major side effects can be observed. Retinoic acid syndrome (RAS) often occurs during the induction chemotherapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia. A pericardial effusion is a common cardiac manifestation but myocarditis has been rarely documented. Here we reports a very rare case of fully recovered myocarditis as a result of RAS related to ATRA administration during induction treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia which documented by echocardiographic evidence.
ABSTRACT
We investigated terahertz pulses from a rotating fan-out type poled lithium niobate (LiNbO(3)) pumped by femtosecond laser pulses. In particular, the rotating fan-out type poled sample produces an uncertain phase-matching wave vector perpendicular to input laser pulses. Such a wave vector allowed us to observe terahertz pulses normally unobservable from bulk or periodically poled LiNbO(3) at large rotation angles because of the terahertz wave critical angle of LiNbO(3). Further, we explained center frequency dependence on rotation angles by difference frequency generation process with the uncertain wave vector. We also discussed bandwidth dependence and terahertz pulse power regarding rotation angles.
ABSTRACT
We have demonstrated the bandwidth control of a Ti-diffused periodically poled LiNbO(3) (Ti:PPLN) Solc filter by a temperature-gradient-control technique. Up to 2.8 nm of filtering bandwidth was achieved with a simple temperature-gradient-control technique in a 78-mm-long of Ti:PPLN waveguide, which has a 0.2 nm filtering bandwidth at an uniform temperature. We have also analyzed the experimental results with the theoretical calculation which is derived from the codirectional coupled mode equations.
Subject(s)
Computer-Aided Design , Filtration/instrumentation , Models, Theoretical , Niobium/chemistry , Optics and Photonics/instrumentation , Oxides/chemistry , Refractometry/instrumentation , Titanium/chemistry , Computer Simulation , Equipment Design , Equipment Failure Analysis , TemperatureABSTRACT
All-optical AND and NAND gates have been demonstrated in a Ti-diffused periodically poled LiNbO(3) channel waveguide which has two second-harmonic phase-matching peaks by cascaded sum-frequency-generation/difference-frequency-generation (cSFG/DFG) and sum-frequency-generation (SFG) processes. The conversion efficiency of signal to idler (AND gate signal) was approximately 0 dB in cSFG/DFG process. In the second SFG process, more than 15 dB extinction ratio between signal and dropped signal (NAND gate signal) has been observed.
ABSTRACT
All-optical single and multiple wavelength conversion and tuning by the cascaded sum- and difference frequency generation (cSFG/DFG) have been demonstrated in a temperature gradient controlled periodically poled Ti:LiNbO3 (Ti:PPLN) channel waveguide. Up to 4 channels of wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) signals which have 100 GHz channel spacing were simultaneously wavelength converted at a 16.8 degrees C temperature difference between both end faces in a Ti:PPLN waveguide. The 3 dB signal conversion bandwidth was measured to be as broad as 48 nm at single channel conversion. The maximum wavelength conversion efficiency and optical signal to noise ratio of wavelength converted channel were approximately -16 dB and -20 dB at a total pump power level of 810 mW.
ABSTRACT
Silicalite-1 films (thickness = 400 nm) supported on both sides of glass plates (SL/G) were prepared, and hemicyanine dyes (HC-n) with different alkyl chain lengths (n, n = 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 22, and 24) were included into the silicalite-1 films by dipping SL/Gs into each methanol solution of HC-n (1 mM) for 1 d. The included numbers of HC-n per channel (N(C)) generally decreased with increasing n; that is, they were 6.4, 23.1, 15.4, 8.2, 5.7, 3.5, 0.9, and 1.2 molecules per channel, respectively. The d(33) value gradually increased with increasing n but decreased when n > 18; that is, they were 1.12, 0.50, 2.25, 3.59, 4.99, 5.30, 1.71, and 2.57 pm V(-1), respectively. However, d(33)/N(C) progressively increased with increasing n. The d(31) values were approximately 100 times smaller than the corresponding d(33) values, and the average d(33)/d(31) ratio was 109, which is higher than those of Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films and poled polymers of nonlinear optical (NLO) dyes, by approximately 2-5 and approximately 30-50 times, respectively. The estimated average tilted angle of the dyes with respect to the channel direction was 7.7 degrees, and the calculated average order parameter was 0.97, which is approximately 480 times higher than the values observed from poled polymers. The degree of uniform alignment (DUA) generally increased with increasing n. The progressive increase of both DUA and d(33)/N(C) with n is attributed to the increase in the tendency of HC-n to enter hydrophobic silicalite-1 channels with the hydrophobic alkyl chain first. A more than 134-fold increase in DUA was observed upon increasing n from 6 to 24. The DUA of HC-24 in the silicalite-1 film reached close to 1. Although the observed d(33) values were lower than those of the LB films of NLO dyes due to very small dye densities of the silicalite films, this methodology bears a great potential to be developed into the methods for preparing practically viable NLO films.
ABSTRACT
All-optical wavelength selective single and dual channel dropping by sum frequency generation has been demonstrated in a periodically poled Ti:LiNbO(3) waveguide, which has two second harmonic phase-matching peaks. Less than -17 dB of channel dropping extinction ratio was observed with coupled pump power of 325 mW.
ABSTRACT
All-optical wavelength-selective single- and dual-channel wavelength conversion and tuning has been demonstrated in a periodically poled Ti:LiNbO(3) waveguide that has two second-harmonic phase-matching peaks by cascaded sum and difference frequency generation (cSFG/DFG). The wavelength conversion efficiency was measured to be -7 dB with coupled pump power of 233 mW.
ABSTRACT
We have demonstrated broadening of the phase-matching bandwidth in a periodically poled Ti:LiNbO3 (Ti:PPLN) channel waveguide Lambda = 16.6 microm) by using a temperature-gradient-control technique. With this technique, we have achieved a second-harmonic phase-matching bandwidth of more than 13 nm in a 74-mm-long Ti:PPLN waveguide, which has a 0.21-nm phase-matching bandwidth at a uniform temperature.
ABSTRACT
We present a novel method for determining both the thickness and the optical constants of a weakly absorbing thin film upon a nearly transparent substrate through analysis of transmittance measured at various incident angles with coherent light. We demonstrate this method for a polymer thin film. The refractive indices and extinction coefficients of poly(DRI-anthranilic acid) at wavelengths of 1,064, 632.8, and 532 nm were determined for the first time to our knowledge. We also confirmed the validity of our method with a polystyrene thin film whose optical constant was known. It was found that a thickness of a few hundred nanometers can easily be measured and that this method offers simplicity as well as the capability of in situ measurement.
