As doenças crônicas não transmissíveis no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19 no estado da Bahia / Chronic non-communicable diseases in the context of the pandemic of Covid-19 in the state of Bahia / Enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en el contexto de la pandemia del Covid-19 en el estado de Bahía

O primeiro caso da Covid-19 no Brasil foi registrado em fevereiro de 2020 e, em 3 de março, o mesmo ocorreu no território baiano. Entre os grupos de maior vulnerabilidade para o agravamento e óbitos pela Covid-19, destacam-se os portadores das Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNT), sendo a cardiopatia a principal comorbidade associada, seguida de diabetes. Diante disso, o presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar a relação entre os óbitos ocorridos por DCNT e pela Covid-19, no estado da Bahia, no período de janeiro a novembro de 2020. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório descritivo com uso da abordagem quantitativa. Foram utilizados dados secundários do Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade (SIM) e da linkage de outros bancos oficiais (FORMSUS, Sivep-Gripe e GAL). Até 10 de novembro de 2020, foram registrados 5.599 óbitos por Covid-19 na população geral do estado. Na faixa etária considerada prematura para as DCNT (30 a 69 anos), a maior prevalência foi no sexo masculino (58,3%), e as comorbidades que apresentaram maiores proporções foram as doenças cardiovasculares (66,4%) e diabetes mellitus (46,0%). Os achados do estudo indicam maior probabilidade de ocorrência de óbitos entre indivíduos com comorbidades, demonstrando a importância de formular e implementar ações coordenadas e integradas de proteção e promoção da saúde.

The first case of Covid-19 in Brazil was registered in February 2020 and, on March 3, in the state of Bahia. Among the groups of greatest vulnerability to worsening and deaths from Covid-19, those with Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) stand out, with heart disease being the main associated comorbidity, followed by diabetes. Therefore, this study analyzes the relationship between deaths from NCDs and Covid-19, in the state of Bahia, from January to November 2020. This is an exploratory, descriptive study of a quantitative approach. Secondary data from the Mortality Information System (SIM) and from the linkage of other official banks (FORMSUS, Sivep-Gripe and GAL) were used. Until of November 10, 2020, 5,599 deaths were reported by Covid-19 in the general population. In the age group considered premature for NCDs (30 to 69 years old), the highest prevalence was in men (58.3%) and the comorbidities that showed the highest proportions were cardiovascular diseases (66.4%) and diabetes mellitus (46.0%). The study findings indicate a higher probability of death among individuals with comorbidities, showing the importance of formulating and implementing coordinated and integrated health protection and promotion actions.

En febrero de 2020, el primer caso del Covid-19 se registró en Brasil, y el 3 de marzo se notificó lo mismo en el estado de Bahía. Entre los grupos más vulnerables al empeoramiento y muerte por Covid-19, destacan los que padecen enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ENT), de las cuales la cardiopatía es la principal comorbilidad asociada, seguida de la diabetes. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre las muertes por ENT y por Covid-19, en el estado de Bahía, de enero a noviembre de 2020. Este es un estudio descriptivo exploratorio, con enfoque cuantitativo. Se utilizaron datos secundarios del Sistema de Información de Mortalidad (SIM) y de la vinculación de otras bases oficiales (FORMSUS, Sivep-Gripe y GAL). Al 10 de noviembre de 2020, se han reportado 5.599 muertes por Covid-19 en la población general del estado. En el grupo de edad considerado prematuro para ENT (30 a 69 años), la mayor prevalencia fue en varones (58,3%), y las comorbilidades que presentaron una mayor proporción fueron las enfermedades cardiovasculares (66,4%) y la diabetes mellitus (46,0%). Los hallazgos del estudio indican una mayor probabilidad de ocurrencia de muertes entre personas con comorbilidades, lo que demuestra la importancia de formular e implementar acciones coordinadas e integradas de protección y promoción de la salud.

Effects of swimming training on tissue glycogen content in experimental thyrotoxic rats.

Thyrotoxicosis, a condition in which there is an excessive amount of circulating thyroid hormones, leads to reduced glycogen content in different tissues. In this study we analyzed the effects of aerobic swimming training on liver, heart, and skeletal muscle glycogen content in experimentally induced thyrotoxicosis. Wistar male rats were divided into euthyroid sedentary (ES, n = 12), euthyroid trained (ET, n = 11), thyrotoxic sedentary (TS, n = 12), and thyrotoxic trained (TT, n = 10) groups. Thyrotoxic groups received daily i.p. doses of T4 (sodium levothyroxine, 25 µg/100 g body mass) through the experimental period, and trained groups swam for 1 h at 80% of the aerobic-anaerobic transition intensity, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Heart and liver glycogen stores were ∼30% lower in T4 treated compared with nontreated groups, but were not changed by training status. On the other hand, glycogen content in mixed fiber type gastrocnemius of TT was 1.5- to 2.3-fold greater than those in other groups, whereas no significant differences were found for the slow soleus muscle. Increased gastrocnemius but not soleus, liver, or heart glycogen indicates that in mild long-term thyrotoxicosis chronic swimming affects glycogen stores in a tissue-specific manner.

Feed restriction and a diet's caloric value: The influence on the aerobic and anaerobic capacity of rats.

BACKGROUND: The influence of feed restriction and different diet's caloric value on the aerobic and anaerobic capacity is unclear in the literature. Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine the possible influences of two diets with different caloric values and the influence of feed restriction on the aerobic (anaerobic threshold: AT) and anaerobic (time to exhaustion: Tlim) variables measured by a lactate minimum test (LM) in rats. METHODS: We used 40 adult Wistar rats. The animals were divided into four groups: ad libitum commercial Purina® diet (3028.0 Kcal/kg) (ALP), restricted commercial Purina® diet (RAP), ad libitum semi-purified AIN-93 diet (3802.7 Kcal/kg) (ALD) and restricted semi-purified AIN-93 diet (RAD). The animals performed LM at the end of the experiment, 48 h before euthanasia. Comparisons between groups were performed by analysis of variance (p < 0,05). RESULTS: At the end of the experiment, the weights of the rats in the groups with the restricted diets were significantly lower than those in the groups with ad libitum diet intakes. In addition, the ALD group had higher amounts of adipose tissue. With respect to energetic substrates, the groups subjected to diet restriction had significantly higher levels of liver and muscle glycogen. There were no differences between the groups with respect to AT; however, the ALD group had lower lactatemia at the AT intensity and higher Tlim than the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that dietary restriction induces changes in energetic substrates and that ad libitum intake of a semi-purified AIN-93 diet results in an increase in adipose tissue, likely reducing the density of the animals in water and favouring their performance during the swimming exercises.