Curative effect and mechanism of bromocriptine on pituitary prolactinoma / 中华神经医学杂志

Bromocriptine has been universally used in therapy of pituitary prolactin adenoma with good efficacy,high safety and low side effect.However,there are also problems including drug resistance,induced hemorrhage,adverse reactions,recurrence,effect evaluation and selection of treatment time.In this paper,the research advances of pharmacological mechanism,efficacy evaluation,treatment time window,dose,side effects and drug resistance of bromocriptine in treating pituitary prolactin adenoma are reviewed.

Study of superior sagittal sinus and bridging vein with virtual reality technology / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To investigate the morphological characteristics of superior sagittal sinus (SSS) and bridging vein (BrV) with virtual reality (VR) technology and their clinical significances.Methods Forty-three patients with parasagittal meningioma (PSM group) and 21 patients with trigeminal neuralgia or hemifacial spasm who had no intracranial venous system diseases (normal group),admitted to our hospital from October 2011 to March 2013,were chosen.The morphological characteristics of SSS and parasagittal BrV of patients from the 2 groups were observed,which was finished in the VR workstation.The number and diameter differences of cortical veins between the 2 groups,and bilatelal side and the first,middle and third 1/3 of SSS of normal group were analyzed.Results Among the patients from the 2 groups,4 having SSS extremity with morphological variation were observed firstly.The direction of BrV entering the SSS mainly was retrograde,which concentrated in the middle and third 1/3 of SSS.There were many directions of BrV entering the SSS in the first 1/3 of SSS,and the direction mostly was perpendicular.In normal group,there were no statistical differences of number and diameter in the bilatelal cortical veins (P＞0.05); in the first,middle and third 1/3 of SSS,there was statistical difference of cortical veins number (P＜0.05),but no difference of diameter (P＞0.05).The number and diameter of cortical veins of PSM group were under the normal group,with statistically significant difference (P＜0.05).With the growth of PSM,violations of SSS and cortical venous gradually aggravated,affecting venous return,which resulted in increase number and complication of collateral veins.Conclusions There is certain variability of SSS and related BrV.The direction of BrV entering the SSS may be associated with intracranial venous system hemodynamic.It is clear and three-dimensional to observe SSS and cortical veins in the help of VR,and to analyze the venous circulation changes caused by PSM.

Construction of digital pituitary adenoma image and simulation of single nostril-transsphenoidal surgery / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To construct the digital pituitary adenoma image and explore the value of simulation of single nostril-transsphenoidal surgery.Methods Thirty patients with pituitary adenoma,admitted to our hospital from October 2009 to March 2011,were performed single nostril-transsphenoidal surgery; thin slice images of preoperative examinations included computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were imported into Dextroscope workstation to construct digital pituitary adenoma image; the related anatomic structures of surgical approach were observed and the procedures were formulated and performed.Results Models based on three-dimensional shapes could show the related anatomical structures dynamically and stereoscopically and simulate the operation processrepeatedly.The preoperative planning indicators in the anatomic segment of nasal,anterior sphenoidal wall,basilar pituitary fossa and structures around the tumor were completed.The anatomic characteristics of simulated surgery were consistent with the real operation.Conclusions The digital models can provide some individual anatomic information to develop the preoperative planning programs for single nostril-transsphenoidal surgery,which can facilitate the work of operation and avoid injuring the important anatomical structures.

MR imaging research of diaphragm sella in patients with pituitary adenoma / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To observe and measure the morphology of diaphragm sella under MR imaging and its parameters in patients with pituitary adenoma,and to explore its clinical significance.Methods Forty-seven patients with pituitary adenoma,admitted to our hospital from March 2012 to April 2013,were collected in our study; the traditional MR imaging of all patients were obtained preoperatively and postoperatively,and 3D-GE sequence scanning was added preoperatively.The parameters of diaphragm sella were measured and compared between patients existed invasion and without invasion,and between patients enjoyed total resection and non-total resection; and the correlation between each two parameters were analyzed.Results Concave,horizontal and convex diaphragm sellae (n=3,10 and 34,respectively) were observed; tumor height of the patients whose diaphragm sella was convex was significantly higher than that of the concave cases ([28.82±11.29] mm vs.[13.57±4.42]mm,P＜0.05).The size and elevation angle of the diaphragmal opening were positively correlated with tumor height (r=0.224,P=0.003; r=0.586,P=0.000).The size ofdiaphragmal opening in the invasive group was significantly larger than that in non-invasive group ([10.30±5.79] mm vs.[5.55 ±3.29] mm,P=0.002).The size of diaphragmal opening in non-total resection group was significantly greater than that in the total resection group ([5.58±4.14] mmvs.[11.04±4.80] mm,P=0.000),and the width of diaphragrnal opening was negatively correlated with tumor resection ratio (r=-0.576,P=0.020).Conclusions Diaphragrna sellae could be displayed satisfactorily in contrast-enhanced 3D-GE MRI.The size of the diaphragmal opening and the elevated angle of drua besides diaphragrnal opening are positively correlated with tumor height.The size of diaphragmal opening of the invasive pituitary adenoma patients is larger than that ofnon-invasive ones.The larger the diaphragrnal opening size,the more difficult the tumor being totally resected by transsphenoidal approach.

Lipid peroxidation and changes of trace elements in mice treated with paradichlorobenzene.

Paradichlorobenzene (pDCB) has been used as a space deodorant and moth repellant, as well as an intermediate in the chemical industry. Given its broad applications and high volatility, considerable concern exists regarding the adverse health effects of pDCB in the home and the workplace. In this study, changes in lipid peroxidation, antioxidants, and trace element levels in the liver and kidney of pDCB-treated mice were investigated to determine their roles in toxicity. Mice were orally gavaged once daily for seven consecutive days with pDCB (0 (corn oil control), 450, and 900 mg/kg). The level of malondialdehyde (MDA), an end product of lipid peroxidation, markedly increased in the high-dose pDCB group in both the liver and kidney compared with the control group. Changes in hepatic levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the pDCB groups were indistinguishable from the control group, while renal levels of reduced GSH in the high-dose pDCB group were significantly lowered in comparison to the control and the low-dose groups. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the liver of mice treated with pDCB showed a downward trend, whereas there was no consistent trend associated with changes in SOD activity in the kidney. Additionally, renal iron levels in the high-dose pDCB group were significantly decreased compared with the low-dose group and the controls, whereas hepatic iron content in the low-dose pDCB group was significantly lower compared with the controls. Selenium and zinc levels in the kidney were both significantly decreased in the high-dose pDCB group vs. the control and low-dose groups. There were no treatment-induced changes in copper levels in either the kidney or liver. However, a significant increase was found in the liver zinc/copper ratio in the high-dose pDCB group vs. the controls. In addition, blood zinc levels showed a downward trend with increased pDCB dosage. These results suggest that pDCB toxicity is mediated by oxidative damage and tissue-specific alterations in trace element levels both in the liver and the kidney of mice.

Zinc, copper, iron, and selenium levels in brain and liver of mice exposed to acrylonitrile.

The mechanism of toxicity of acrylonitrile (AN) has not been fully defined. The research described herein was undertaken to investigate the possible effects of AN on the levels of metallic elements in liver and brain of mice. Thirty-two mice were randomly assigned to four separate groups and treated intraperitoneal (i.p.) once daily for 1 week. Mice in the control group received normal saline, and mice in the three exposure groups received 5, 10, or 20 mg AN/kg b.w. Samples of brain and liver were collected immediately after decapitation. Tissue levels of trace elements (zinc, copper, iron) were determined with flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer or double channel atomic fluorescence absorption spectrophotometer (selenium). Mean brain weights of AN-treated mice were increased as a function of dose compared to controls, but there was no significant change in the ratio of liver/body weight in the four groups. While mean brain zinc decreased as a function of AN dosage, mean liver zinc of the low-dose group significantly increased (p < 0.05); mean liver copper in the medium-dose AN group was significantly higher compared to controls (p < 0.05); however, mean brain copper was increased, but the difference did not attain statistical significance in the three AN groups when compared with the controls (p > 0.05). Mean brain iron levels were significantly decreased in the middle-dose AN group (p < 0.05), but there were no consistent changes in liver iron. Tissue levels of selenium in brain and liver were similar for the control and AN treatment groups. AN induces significant and differential changes in the levels of zinc, copper, and iron in brain and liver. These changes likely play a pivotal role in mediating AN toxicity, most likely via changes in cellular redox status.

Exploration of diagnosis and treatment for intracranial aneurysm / 中国综合临床

Objective To discuss the selection of diagnosis for intracranial aneutysms,and to analyze thera-peutic efficacy of microsurgical treatment and endovascular embolizafion in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms.Methods 190 pailents suffeming from intracranial aneurysms experienced brain CT examination.37 cases detected by MRI.31 cases detected by MRA,134 were confirmed by computered tomographic angiography(CTA)or 3D-CTA,and 142 cases were confirmed by digital subtract angiography(DSA).96 patients underwent microsurgical treatment,4 of whom failed in endovascular embolization.92 cases underwent endovascufar therapy,2 of whom were embolized by ONYX,and the other were embolized by guglielmi detachable coil(GDC).Results 9 patients died,2 of whorn died of re-hemorrhage,3 died of severe vasospasm,4 died of pneumonia and other complications,and the others were cured.Conclusion CT is the first choice for the subarachniod hemorrhage;MBA could be a choice for the detection of intracranial aneurysm without hemorrhage,but is not suit for the aneurysm clipping.The size-form,relationship with patent arteries,and even the raptured point of aneurysms can be clearly demonstrated by CTA-and CTA can be used to the operation for intracranial aneurysms directly.DSA-especially 3D-DSA Call display the blood supply of the complicated aneurysms clearly,and can guide the treatment for intracnmial aneurysms directly.Endo-vascular therapy and aneurysm clipping seem like complimentary than competitive,patients with acute cerebral edema should try to undergo endovascular therapy,while the patients with severe vasespasm should be treated with microsur-gical operation immediately and resolutely.The ruptured aneurysms in multiple intracraniul aneurysm should be iden-tified correctly and treated in the early stage.

Development of a rat C6 brain tumor model / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish rat C6 brain-tumor models and find a simple reliable index to judge tumor volume.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>C6 cell suspension (10 microl) containing 10 g/L agarose and 1 x 10(6) cells was injected into the right caudate nucleus of the rat brain by a stereotaxic method. After implantation, rats were observed and given MRI scans. Rats were perfused with paraformaldehyde trans-aorta at the 10th, 15th, 20th and 25th day and before natural death. All brains, lungs, spinal cords and tumors were sectioned and inspected. Tumor-containing samples were prepared histologically by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stains.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fifty implanted rats had 100% yield of intracerebral growth, with distant metastasis of 0% to 4%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A rat C6 brain-tumor model was successfully established. Rat survival time is correlated with tumor volume and may be useful as an index of tumor size.</p>