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Objective To investigate the automatic implicit attitude and explicit stigma of mental illness,and the intervention effectiveness on the stigma of mental illness in college students.Methods Single category implicit association test(SC-IAT) and questionnaire survey were used to study the degree of implicit and explicit mental illness stigma among 30 college students of Peking University,and investigated the effect of two strategies,education and contact.Data were analyzed by SPSS 22.0 with t-test and variance analysis.Results The D values of SC-IAT in the three dimensions of cognitive evaluation,emotional response and behavioral tendency of college students were 0.29±0.37,0.24±0.43,and 0.10±0.43.There was a statistically significant difference between the cognitive evaluation dimension,the emotional response dimension and 0(t=4.069,P＜0.01;t=2.925,P＜0.01).There was no statistically significant difference between the implicit stigma and the 0 in the behavioral tendency dimension (t=1.423,P=0.167).In the explicit stigma,the mercy dimension score(1.94±0.61) was lower than the median,and the difference was statistically significant(t=-12.286,P＜ 0.01),while the scores of anger dimension (4.62 ± 0.44) and fear dimension (4.55±0.31) were higher than the median (t=13.243,3.200,both P＜0.01).There were no significant differences in the values of implicit and external stigma among pre-intervention,education int.ervention and after contact(P＞0.05).The correct rates of questions "Which of the following situations do you think are considered mentally unhealthy?" and "Which of the following disorders are mental illnesses" (42± 13)％,(54± 13) ％) increased after receiving educational intervention ((49 ± 12) ％,(64± 13) ％),the difference was statistically significant (F=3.682,P＜0.05;F=3.576,P＜ 0.05).Conclusion College students have implicit mental illness stigma,educational and contact intervention strategies can help improve college students' understanding of relevant knowledge,and cannot improve the level of implicit stigma of college students on mental illness.
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Objective@#To investigate the automatic implicit attitude and explicit stigma of mental illness, and the intervention effectiveness on the stigma of mental illness in college students.@*Methods@#Single category implicit association test(SC-IAT) and questionnaire survey were used to study the degree of implicit and explicit mental illness stigma among 30 college students of Peking University, and investigated the effect of two strategies, education and contact.Data were analyzed by SPSS 22.0 with t-test and variance analysis.@*Results@#The D values of SC-IAT in the three dimensions of cognitive evaluation, emotional response and behavioral tendency of college students were 0.29±0.37, 0.24±0.43, and 0.10±0.43.There was a statistically significant difference between the cognitive evaluation dimension, the emotional response dimension and 0(t=4.069, P<0.01; t=2.925, P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between the implicit stigma and the 0 in the behavioral tendency dimension(t=1.423, P=0.167). In the explicit stigma, the mercy dimension score(1.94±0.61) was lower than the median, and the difference was statistically significant(t=-12.286, P<0.01), while the scores of anger dimension(4.62±0.44) and fear dimension (4.55±0.31) were higher than the median(t=13.243, 3.200, both P<0.01). There were no significant differences in the values of implicit and external stigma among pre-intervention, education intervention and after contact(P>0.05). The correct rates of questions "Which of the following situations do you think are considered mentally unhealthy? " and "Which of the following disorders are mental illnesses" (42±13)%, (54±13)%) increased after receiving educational intervention ((49±12)%, (64±13)%), the difference was statistically significant (F=3.682, P<0.05; F=3.576, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#College students have implicit mental illness stigma, educational and contact intervention strategies can help improve college students' understanding of relevant knowledge, and cannot improve the level of implicit stigma of college students on mental illness.
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The development of an expert consensus based on specific domestic situations will provide practical guidance to the efforts aiming at improving cleft care in China. The team approach of twenty-one cleft centers were pooled together, covering pre-surgical orthopedics, primary surgical repair, orthodontic treatment, alveolar bone graft, secondary deformity correction, palatal fistulae repair, the diagnosis and treatment of velopharyngeal incompetence, speech therapy, otitis media management, and skeletal deformity correction. Agreement was achieved among the authors concerning the application of critical surgical and non-surgical techniques. The ambition of this consensus is to introduce more clinicians to the revolution of sequential treatment of clefts, and form the basis for a more comprehensive cleft care manual in the future.
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Cleft Lip , Alveolar Bone Grafting , Humans , Velopharyngeal InsufficiencyABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze clinical data of 41 patients with severe mouth floor cellulitis.Methods:Patient's gender,age, epidemiological characteristics,origin of inflammation,symptoms of the disease,primary diagnosis,concomitant diseases,complica-tions,clinical diagnosis,the use of antibiotics (type and course),operation and outcomes were reviewed.Results:The male-fe-male ratio of the patients was 2.4∶1 .Age distribution was 1 0 -93 years old(with the mean of 46.23).The cases from urban-rural area was 3∶1 ,1 4.6% of the patients'primary diagnosis was not accurate.Only 31 % of the patients went to doctors in the first 5 days from the beginning of the disease.82.9% of the mouth floor cellulites were odontogenic.35% of the cases were diagnosed to be in-fectious diffusion to parapharyngeal,pterygomandibular spaces or to be complicating with neck infection at first examination.Infec-tion of 7.5% of the cases were spread to mediastinum.All the patients were administered with antibiotics and completed the surgical drainage as early as possible,except 2 transfered to respiratory medicine for mediastinum serious mediastinal and pulmonary infection and 1 to urinary surgery for renal failure.Conclusion:Odontogenic infection is most common for mouth floor cellulitis.Accurate di-agnose,maintenance of airway and initiate suitable antibiotics are rery important for the treatment of severe cellulitis of mouth floor. Prompt surgical drainage and comprehensive treatments are also essential to prevent patients from severe complications.
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Teratoma is a true neoplasm composed of tissues from all three germinal layers (ectoderm,endoderm and mesoderm)and may ex-hibit variable levels of maturity.It is not common in the head and neck(5.5%of all teratomas).A case of teratoma treated in our department is reported in this paper.
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Objective: To investigate a better method to correct the secondary nasal deformity of postoperative cleft lip, by using the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) to reinforce the intensity of the nasal alar cartilage. Methods: ePTFE was used to reinforce the intensity of the cleft side of nasal alar cartilage and corrected 120 cases of the secondary nasal deformities of postoperative cleft lip. Results: All the 120 cases of patients with nasal alar tumbling showed significant improvements. In follow-up, 76 cases of patients' wound healed well. No rejection in all cases. Conclusion: The ePTFE is an ideal implant material to correct the secondary nasal deformities of postoperative cleft lip.
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Objective: To study the role of activating transcription factor 2 (ATF-2) in the growth of mandibular condyle cartilage. Methods: Primary chondrocytes of condyle were cultured. Expression plasmid of ATF-2 and plasmid bcl-2 promoter were transfected into chondrocytes. Luciferase assay and Western blot were used. Results: The absence of ATF-2 in mandibular condyle chondrocytes resulted in a decline in bcl-2 promoter activity, reduction in bcl-2 protein level. Conclusion: The results strongly imply that ATF-2 is required for adequate bcl-2 expression, and play a significant role in controlling growth plate chondrocyte progression.
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Objective To study the characteristics of maxillary growth after lip and palate repair. Methods Using X-ray cephalometry through 12 landmarks and 12 measured values we had compared the difference between 60 patients with operated cleft lip and palate and 20 normal persons. Results After the operation all patients appeared limits of maxillary growth in different degree and different way. SNA and N-A-Pg [(-4.8?6.31)mm, P 0.05] were smaller than normal in patients of cleft lip. SNA(74.5?4.01)?, P 0.05;(75.1?1.07)?, P 0.01], and N-ANS [(47.3?2.41)mm, P 0.01;(49.8? 1.91) mm, P 0.01] were also smaller than normal in cleft palate and cleft lip and palate. Conclusions The limits of maxillary growth are affected by congenital and operative factors. Lip repair will influence the length of maxilla, and palate repair will influence height and width of maxilla.
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Objective: To analyses the characters, diagnostic methods and therapeutic principles of non-neoplastic diseases of parotid gland. Methods:179 cases (84 famale and 95 male) of non-neoplastic disease treated in our hospital from 1985 to 2000 were reviewed and analysed clinically.Results: The patients were at the age of 1.5～76 years old (44.6 for average) with the case histry of 1～10 years. Among the 179 cases,66 were of chronic parotitis,48 lymphoid tuberculosis,24 benign lympho-epithplial lesion,22 lymphadenitis and lymphadenovarix and 19 other benign lesion.158 cases were treated by operation and the diagnosis of them was confirmed by pathological examination after operation;21 were clinically diagnosed and treated with drugs. Conclusion: Non-neoplastic diseases of parotid gland are easily confounded with neoplastic diseases. Surgically resection is an effective method for diagnosis and treatment.
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砄bjective:To study the absorption of porous block ? tricalcium phosphate(? TCP) implanted in the defects of rabbit calvarium.Methods:Twenty four rabbits were randomly divided into four groups with six in each,a round piece of bone with the diameter of 8 mm was removed on left and right sides in the calvarium of each animal.? TCP samples were implanted in the left defects and hydroxyapatite(HA)in the right.Rabbits were sacrificed at 2,4,8,12 weeks after operation respectively,The implanted materials were quantitatively measured by "Point Counting".Results:Twelve weeks after operation,the amount of ? TCP and HA remained in the transplants were 34.54% and 49.28%,while the bone tissue comprised 24.43% and 19.67% of ? TCP and HA transplants respectively.Conclusion:Porous block ? TCP is more absorbable and more feasible for new bone tissue regeneration than HA.
