[The diagnosis of liver diseases in the dog]. / Zur Diagnostik von Lebererkrankungen beim Hund.

This article shows the possibilities of liver diagnosis in dogs. After a short introduction about metabolism with some aspects in pathophysiology follows the way of investigation from anamnesis, clinical examination, blood work and urinalysis to ultrasound, x-ray and biopsy.

[Comparison of different methods for the diagnosis of freemartinism--blood group serology, cytology and polymerase chain reaction]. / Vergleich verschiedener Methoden zur Diagnose des bovinen Freemartinismus--Blutgruppenserologie, Zytologie und Polymerase-Ketten-Reaktion.

The percentage of freemartins among blood samples tested by chromosome analysis amounted to 83.9%, by blood group serologie 71.4%. 126 blood samples have been tested by blood group serology and PCR. Employing blood group serology, 71.3% and using PCR with BOV97M primers 85.8% of the animals proved to be freemartins. 40 blood samples were additionally analysed using PCR with zinc-finger-gene primers. 36 animals (90%) were identified as being freemartins by means of BOV97M and 34 animals (85%) by means of the zinc-finger-gene primer. The PCR method proved to be a rapid and very sensitive method for the diagnosis of freemartins and also suitable for routine testing. The BOV97M primer showed to have a higher Y chromosome specificity than the zinc-finger-gene primer.