ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of axial globe length and other biometry parameters on age-related lower eyelid malposition. METHODS: Consecutive patients with involutional lower eyelid malposition underwent preoperative biometry with Zeiss IOL Master and Hertel's exophthalmometer prior to surgery. Patients with other causes of eyelid malposition and thyroid eye disease were excluded. GraphPad InStat was used for t test and chi-square statistical analysis. RESULTS: Data on 57 eyelids of 52 Caucasian patients were collected. There were 28 ectropions and 29 entropions. The mean axial globe length in the ectropion group (23.5 mm, standard deviation ± 0.9) was significantly longer than in the entropion group (22.7 mm, standard deviation ± 1.03) (p = 0.008). There was significant sex predilection, with entropion more common in women and ectropion more common in men (p = 0.03). The mean axial globe projection in the ectropion group was 16.6 mm (standard deviation ± 2.4) and in the entropion group was 14.6 mm (standard deviation ± 2.7) (p = 0.002). There was no statistical difference in age, keratometry, amount of astigmatism, and cylinder axis. CONCLUSION: Involutional eyelid malposition directly correlates with axial globe length with the ectropion group having lengthier eyes compared with the entropion group. Hence, axial globe length could be an influential factor in the onset of involutional eyelid malposition.
Subject(s)
Axial Length, Eye/physiopathology , Ectropion/physiopathology , Entropion/physiopathology , Eyelids/physiopathology , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biometry , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
The pathophysiology of sickle cell disease is not limited to abnormal red blood cells. The clinical manifestations of sickle cell disease include complex pathways and processes such as endothelial activation, inflammation, bioavailability of nitric oxide, oxidative stress, and the adhesiveness of a variety of blood cells. Increasingly, distinct subphenotypes and genetic modifiers of sickle cell disease are being recognized. We apply recent advances in sickle cell disease to ocular biology to highlight translational research in this field and encourage additional studies on the ocular manifestations of sickle cell disease.
Subject(s)
Anemia, Sickle Cell/physiopathology , Eye Diseases/physiopathology , Anemia, Sickle Cell/epidemiology , Anemia, Sickle Cell/genetics , Animals , Disease Models, Animal , HumansABSTRACT
Retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) accounts for 12-15% of all patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NV-AMD). However, this subtype is often excluded from clinical trials aimed at assessing the efficacy of various treatment options for NV-AMD. Thus, there are no established protocols for the management of RAP. This review of current literature on RAP compares the outcomes of various treatment options for this condition and highlights the lack of clinical trials and paucity of long-term data on this relatively common condition.
Subject(s)
Angiomatosis/therapy , Choroidal Neovascularization/therapy , Macular Degeneration/therapy , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy, Combination , Humans , Laser Coagulation/methods , Photochemotherapy/methods , Treatment Outcome , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitorsABSTRACT
AIMS: The National Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Committee has recommended 19 standards for quality assurance of screening programmes in the United Kingdom. Five of the standards apply to the care provided by ophthalmology departments. This study assesses the quality assurance of the eye care provided by the Wakefield and North Kirklees Screening programme. METHODS: A retrospective audit of case notes of patients for 12 consecutive months in 2007. The outcomes were compared with the five quality standards. RESULTS: Out of a total number of 15,080 patients screened for diabetic retinopathy (DR), 479 (3.17%) required referral to ophthalmology department (screen-positive). Of these, 352 (2.33% of total screened) were referred for diabetic retinopathy. Forty-three patients (13%) were referred for proliferative retinopathy (R3), 279 (79%) for maculopathy (M1), 24 (7%) for non-proliferative retinopathy (R2), and 4 (1%) for a history of previous photo-coagulation (P1). Fifty-eight patients (16%) failed to attend. A timely consultation was achieved in 33% of R3 and 77% of M1 patients. Only 31% of R3 and 8% of M1 at screening were listed at their first visit to ophthalmology clinic and received laser treatment in stipulated time. CONCLUSION: Significant progress is required for timely consultation and management of screen-positive patients. In order to achieve these targets efficiently, it may be appropriate to re-define M1 so that a significant proportion of patients with M1 may be referred to and better managed by primary care physicians or diabetologists.
