Estimating the clinical and budgetary impact of using angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor as first line therapy in patients with HFrEF.

AIMS: Recent updates of international treatment guidelines for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) differ regarding the use of angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) as first-line treatment. The American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology/Heart Failure Society of America (AHA/ACC/HFSA) 2022 guidelines gives ARNI a Class IA recommendation for HFrEF patients while the European Society of Cardiology's guidelines are less clear when ARNI could be considered as first line treatment option in de novo patients. This study aimed to model the clinical and budgetary outcomes of implementing these guidelines, comparing conservative ARNI prescription patterns with less conservative in Sweden and in the United Kingdom. METHODS AND RESULTS: A health economic model was developed to compare different treatment patterns for HFrEF. Incident cohorts were included on an annual basis and followed over 10 years. The model included treatment specific all-cause mortality and hospitalization rates, as well as drug acquisition, monitoring, and hospitalization costs. Increasing the use of ARNI could lead to about 7000-12 300 life years gained and 2600-4600 hospitalizations prevented in Sweden. These health benefits come with an additional cost of 112-195 million euros. Similar results were estimated for the United Kingdom, albeit on a larger population. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing the proportion of patients receiving ARNI instead of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors as first-line treatment of HFrEF will lead to a considerable number of additional life years gained and prevented hospitalizations but with additional cost in terms of health care expenditure in Sweden and in the United Kingdom.

Real-world comparative effectiveness of ARNI versus ACEi/ARB in HF with reduced or mildly reduced ejection fraction.

AIMS: Sacubitril/valsartan is a first-in-class angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) with a class-1 guideline recommendation. We assessed the real-world effectiveness of ARNI versus angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker (ACEi/ARB) on all-cause and cardiovascular (CV)-related mortality and hospitalizations in heart failure (HF) with reduced or mildly reduced ejection fraction (EF). METHODS: Patient-level clinical, laboratory, drug dispensation, hospitalization, and mortality data were derived from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry (SwedeHF) and interlinked databases (1 April 2016-31 December 2020). Eligible ARNI:ACEi/ARB patients (n = 7275:24,604) had a left ventricular EF < 50%. Mortality and hospitalizations with ARNI (≤ 3 months pre-/post-1 April 2016 index [SwedeHF]; n = 1506) versus ACEi/ARB (≤ 3 months post-index; n = 17,108) were assessed using propensity score matching (1:1 ratio) with clinical variables, and sensitivity analysis (1:2/1:3 with, and 1:2 without clinical variables). RESULTS: ARNI induced a 23% reduction in all-cause mortality versus ACEi/ARB (1:1 hazard ratio [HR; 95% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.77 [0.63-0.95], p = 0.013), and a non-significant 23% relative risk reduction in CV-related mortality (0.77 [0.54-1.09], p = 0.13), but no difference in all-cause or CV-related hospitalization (1.02 [0.91-1.13]; p = 0.76; 1.01 [0.91-1.15]; p = 0.84, respectively). Sensitivity analyses confirmed all-cause mortality was reduced for ARNI versus ACEi/ARB (HR 0.90 [95% CI 0.82-0.99], p = 0.026), but not CV-related mortality (HR 1.04 [95% CI 0.89-1.22], p = 0.63). CONCLUSIONS: In this nationwide real-world study including a population of patients with HF with reduced or mildly reduced EF, ARNI as part of guideline-led Swedish clinical practice was associated with a statistically significant relative risk reduction in all-cause mortality compared with ACEi/ARB.