Risk assessment, surveillance, and nonpharmaceutical prevention of acute radiation dermatitis: results of a multicentric survey among the German-speaking radiation oncology community.

PURPOSE: Radiation dermatitis (RD) represents one of the most frequent side effects in radiotherapy (RT). Despite technical progress, mild and moderate RD still affects major subsets of patients and identification and management of patients with a high risk of severe RD is essential. We sought to characterize surveillance and nonpharmaceutical preventive management of RD in German-speaking hospitals and private centers. METHODS: We conducted a survey on RD among German-speaking radiation oncologists inquiring for their evaluation of risk factors, assessment methods, and nonpharmaceutical preventive management of RD. RESULTS: A total of 244 health professionals from public and private institutions in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland participated in the survey. RT-dependent factors were deemed most relevant for RD onset followed by lifestyle factors, emphasizing the impact of treatment conceptualization and patient education. While a broad majority of 92.8% assess RD at least once during RT, 59.0% of participants report RD at least partially arbitrarily and 17.4% stated to classify RD severity solely arbitrarily. 83.7% of all participants were unaware of patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Consensus exists on some lifestyle recommendations like avoidance of sun exposure (98.7%), hot baths (95.1%), and mechanical irritation (91.8%) under RT, while deodorant use (63.4% not at all, 22.1% with restrictions) or application of skin lotion (15.1% disapproval) remain controversial and are not recommended by guidelines or evidence-based practices. CONCLUSION: Identification of patients at an increased risk of RD and subsequent implementation of adequate preventive measures remain relevant and challenging aspects of clinical routines. Consensus exists on several risk factors and nonpharmaceutical prevention recommendations, while RT-dependent risk factors, e.g., the fractionation scheme, or hygienic measures like deodorant use remain controversial. Surveillance is widely lacking methodology and objectivity. Intensifying outreach in the radiation oncology community is needed to improve practice patterns.

Peripheral blood kinetics following total body irradiation and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Timing matters.

Total body irradiation (TBI) remains an important component in many conditioning regimens before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Because of its frequent toxicity, patient selection is crucial, making it of interest to identify factors improving engraftment. In this retrospective single center analysis, the characteristics of 48 adult such patients were studied. Mean overall survival (OS) was 22.2 months after allo-HSCT. Interestingly, people with an interval ≥3 days between TBI completion and allo-HSCT showed improved OS, when compared to a shorter interval (p = 0.10). Peripheral blood kinetics after successful engraftment also differed, with a longer interval resulting in a higher platelet count and lower leukocyte and neutrophil (p < 0.05) count. These data suggest that the exact timing of TBI before allo-HSCT might directly impact a patient's survival and could help single out those at higher risk of graft failure who might benefit from an altered conditioning regimen.

Impact of breath-hold technique on incidence of cardiac events in adjuvant left breast cancer irradiation.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to compare the incidence of cardiac events and to identify its predictors in left breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant radiotherapy using breath-hold technique (DIBH) versus free breathing technique (FB). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective multi-center study of two arms; the free breathing arm included 208 patients who were treated with traditional radiotherapy treatment technique, while DIBH arm included 224 patients who were treated with breath-hold technique using The Varian Real-time Position Management (RPM). We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the patients from January 2010 to December 2017. RESULTS: The mean dose to the heart and left anterior descending artery were significantly lower in the DIBH arm (2.10 ± 0.39 and 6.16 ± 0.18 Gy) compared with (4.29 ± 0.60 Gy and 12.69 ± 0.93 Gy, respectively) in the FB arm. The incidence of cardiac events was higher in the FB arm than in the DIBH arm, but it was not statically significant. Our analysis revealed that age, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, mean LAD dose, and heart mean dose were significant prognostic factors for the occurrence of cardiac events in the breath-hold arm. Hypertension, smoking, as well as heart mean dose were independent risk factors for the occurrence of cardiac events. CONCLUSION: Use of the DIBH technique resulted in a significant reduction in doses to the heart, LAD and lesser cardiac events incidence compared to free breathing.

Chasing a rarity: a retrospective single-center evaluation of prognostic factors in primary gliosarcoma.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Primary gliosarcoma (GS) is a rare variant of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma multiforme. We performed a single-center analysis to identify prognostic factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed the records of 26 patients newly diagnosed with primary WHO grade IV GS. Factors of interest were clinical and treatment data, as well as molecular markers, time to recurrence, and time to death. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 9 months (range 5-21 months). Gross total resection did not lead to improved survival, most likely due to the relatively small sample size. Low symptom burden at the time of diagnosis was associated with longer PFS (P = 0.023) and OS (P = 0.018). Median OS in the entire cohort was 12 months. Neither MGMT promoter hypermethylation nor adjuvant temozolomide therapy influenced survival, consistent with some previous reports. CONCLUSION: In this retrospective study, patients exhibiting low symptom burden at diagnosis showed improved survival. None of the other factors analyzed were associated with an altered outcome.