ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers provide critical insights into the pathophysiology and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS), as this study aimed to investigate the relationships between CSF oligoclonal band (OCB) counts and the clinical course and short-term prognosis of MS patients. METHODS: A retrospective cohort analysis covering a five-year period was conducted at two MS centers. Data on demographics, clinical presentation, MRI findings, EDSS scores, annualized relapse rate (ARR) in the first two years, and CSF analyses were analyzed. RESULTS: Among 310 patients, the ages ranged from 19 to 73 years, with a mean age of 38 years. OCBs were detected in 86.5 % (n = 268) of the patients. Those with a greater number of OCB bands had significantly more upper cervical lesions and T2 lesions (p < 0.05). A weak positive correlation was found between OCB and the IgG index score. No significant relationship was observed between band count and the ARR or EDSS score. OCB-positive patients had higher IgG index scores and more upper cervical lesions (p < 0.05). Additionally, patients with elevated IgG index levels (>0.7) exhibited significantly greater EDSS scores and more T2 lesions (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the importance of OCB counts as a significant marker for assessing disease activity and progression in MS patients. These findings emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach that integrates CSF analysis with clinical and radiological data to effectively manage MS and tailor treatment strategies.
