ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine the severity of taste changes after surgical removal of all four third molars in one session. Taste function in 27 patients was measured before and at 1 month and 6 months after surgery. In every patient all four third molars were removed using local anesthesia and sedation with midazolam and fentanyl. For testing gustatory function, two tests were administered: a whole-mouth, above threshold test and a spatial (localized) taste test. For this purpose, sucrose, NaCl, citric acid and quinine hydrochloride solutions were used. Taste intensity of quinine hydrochloride of the palate was significantly reduced 1 month after surgery (P < 0.05) but recovered and reach to preoperative values 6 months after surgery. The results showed that there were no significant changes in gustatory function after third molar surgery.
Subject(s)
Molar, Third/surgery , Taste/physiology , Tooth Extraction/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Surveys and Questionnaires , Taste Disorders/diagnosis , Taste Disorders/etiology , Taste Threshold , Tooth Extraction/adverse effectsABSTRACT
In this paper the voltammetric behaviors of imipramine.HCl and amitriptyline. HCl, which are both tricyclic antidepressants, were investigated using a carbon paste electrode, modified by the addition of poly(N-vinylimidazole), in various solutions of different pHs. It was shown that the current density for imipramine increased with modification of the carbon paste electrode and amitriptyline, which was electroinactive with the normal carbon paste electrode, became electroactive on the modified electrode. The optimum conditions for the quantitive determination of imipramine.HCl and amitriptyline.HCl were determined and statistical analysis of the linear relationship between current and concentration is given. The method was applied for the determination of these substances in the pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Subject(s)
Amitriptyline/analysis , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/analysis , Carbon/chemistry , Imipramine/analysis , Amitriptyline/chemistry , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/chemistry , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods , Electrochemistry , Electrons , Imipramine/chemistry , Polymers/chemistryABSTRACT
In this study we attempted to develop a novel drug delivery system in the form of polymeric micelles. In order to obtain polymer chains with micelle forming abilities, we have proposed to produce copolymers by transesterification of poly(DL-lactic acid)(PDLLA)(as the hydrophobic segment) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) (as the hydrophilic segment). We first produced homopolymers of PDLLA with low molecular weights by condensation polymerization of DL-lactic acid. The PDLLA homopolymer with an average molecular weight of 1866 +/- 100 was then transesterified with PEG with a molecular weight range of 3300-4000. By changing the ratio of PEG to PDLLA, we were able to produce copolymers with different chain structures, and therefore, with different micelle forming abilities. FTIR, 1H-NMR, DSC, and GPC studies were performed to describe the structures of these PDLLA/PEG copolymers. Micelles of these copolymers were characterized by light scattering. We selected a model drug, i.e. adriamycin, and obtained the drug loadings to the PDLLA/PEG copolymer micelles. The maximum drug loading was about 12 mg g-1. We found that these micelles were degraded in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4 and temperature 37 degrees C) in about 5-6 weeks. We also investigated the release of adriamycin from these PDLLA/PEG micelles, and concluded that the drug release from these micelles was mainly 'degradation controlled'.
