ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Takayasu arteritis is a chronic granulomatous vasculitis involving the large vessels, mainly the aorta and its branches. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a young female who presented with severe shortness of breath and easy fatigability. Examination revealed a diastolic murmur and imaging studies revealed a severe aortic regurgitation with aneurysm of the aortic root and ascending aorta. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Modified Bentall's procedure was performed and sample sent for histopathology which showed granulomatous inflammation of the aorta with elastic fibre destruction in the medial layer. Infective causes of aortic aneurysm were ruled out and a diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis was made on the basis of clinical, radiological and histological findings. CONCLUSION: This case highlights the unusual presentation of Takayasu arteritis in which the patient had severe aortic regurgitation and aneurysm of the ascending aorta without steno-occlusive lesion elsewhere.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is the inability to maintain wakefulness and alertness during the major waking episodes of the day, with sleep occurring unintentionally or at inappropriate times. Solriamfetol is a selective norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor approved for EDS. This review was done to assess the efficacy and safety of solriamfetol in patients with EDS in narcolepsy or OSA. METHODS: A systematic search of the electronic database was conducted for relevant studies. Any randomized controlled trial with outcome measures on the efficacy or safety of solriamfetol in EDS were eligible for inclusion. The primary outcomes were mean difference in the maintenance of wakefulness test (MWT), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) score, and risk ratio of adverse events. The random-effects model was used to calculate pooled effect estimates. RESULTS: We identified 336 records from the database search. We analyzed eight articles reported from six clinical trials. We pooled outcome measures from five trials. The overall mean difference for MWT was 9.93 min (95% CI: 8.25-11.61), and the mean difference of ESS score was -4.44 (95% CI: -5.50 to -3.38), both in favor of solriamfetol over placebo. The overall risk ratio of adverse events with solriamfetol was 1.47 (95% CI: 1.28-1.69). The most common adverse events reported were headache, nausea, decreased appetite, anxiety, nasopharyngitis, and insomnia. CONCLUSIONS: Solriamfetol is efficacious and has a favorable safety profile in the treatment of EDS in patients with narcolepsy and OSA. Solriamfetol is well tolerated and may be recommended for the treatment of EDS in these patients.
