Interference of Nanoparticulates in seed invigoration of Green gram.

In the present study, the impact of four metal/metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) viz.Ag, ZnO),ZVI and TiO2 on physiological seed quality attributes of green gram (Vigna radiata) were evaluated. The synthesized NPs characterized and evaluated the germination percentage, vigour indices and physiological responses like catalase and peroxidase activities (seed quality parameters) of fresh, naturally aged and fresh accelerated aged seed lots of green gram. In naturally aged seeds, zinc oxide-NPs (1000 mg kg-1) treated seeds showed 14.96% higher germination percentage, 24.81% higher vigour index I and (3696) and 33.33% higher vigour index II than the controls. The treated seeds with ZnO-NPs (1000 mg kg-1) under fresh accelerated aged conditions resulted in higher than 15.15% of germination percentage, 23.61% of vigour index I and 24.11% of vigour index II over controls. Moreover, ZnO-NPs treated naturally aged seeds showed lower electrical conductivity (EC) of 20.10 µ S cm-1g-1 than the control (26.60 µ S cm-1 g-1). Pertinent to catalase enzyme activity, ZnO-NPs (1000 mg kg-1) treated naturally aged seed lots resulted in 356.89 µmol H2O2 mg-1 min-1 activity, 216.05 µmol H2O2 mg-1 min-1 activity in fresh accelerated aged seed lots.. Similarly, ZnO-NPs (1000 mg kg-1) enhanced peroxidase enzyme activity in naturally aged seed lots (3.21 µg/FW/10 min) than control (0.72 µg/FW/10 min) that depicts 63.35% of increased enzyme activity. The present results showcases the ZnO-NPs as potent nano-priming agents in maintaining the seed quality parameters that ultimately establish better crop stand and field performance.

Delineation of Inheritance Pattern of Aleurone Layer Colour Through Chemical Tests in Rice.

BACKGROUND: Rice aleurone layer develops different colours with various chemical tests that may help to develop some rapid tests for identification/grouping of rice varieties. Understanding the colour inheritance pattern could enable to develop chemical clues that may help for genetic purity analysis along with grow-out-test. RESULTS: In this study, inheritance pattern of aleurone layer colour was studied in parents, F1 and F2 progenies derived from the crosses IR 36 × Acc. No. 2693 and IR 64 × Acc. No. 2693. The parent IR 36 showed light yellow (NaOH/KOH) and brown (phenol/modified phenol test) colour; whereas, Acc. No. 2693 revealed wine red/dark wine red (NaOH/KOH) and light brown colour/no reaction (phenol/modified phenol test). In contrary, another parent IR 64 exhibited light yellow (KOH/NaOH) and dark brown (phenol, modified phenol) colour. Both the F1 showed an intermediate light wine red colour (NaOH/KOH) and dark brown (phenol and modified phenol) colour, which is dominant over their one of the parents. The colour pattern with standard phenol/modified phenol, NaOH and KOH tests in F2 progenies of both the crosses showed 9:7 (complementary gene interaction) and 11:5 ratios (reciprocal dominance modification of recessive alleles), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings clearly elucidate the colour inheritance pattern in rice that may facilitate to develop rapid chemical tests to identify/ group the varieties for genetic purity analysis.

The Effects of Topical Hemocoagulase Solution on the Healing Process of Post-extraction Wounds: A Split Mouth Design.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of topical hemocoagulase on intra-oral extraction sockets and impact on the healing process as well as to produce a clinico-histological healing score. STUDY DESIGN: This prospective study compared two extraction sites in each subject. One site received topical hemocoagulase while other site did not receive it. Both the sites were chosen in the same patient and extraction was done at separate intervals. The biopsy was done on a random basis with the pathologist being blinded to the study. Clinical evaluation was done on days 7, 14 and 21. Biopsy was done either on days 7 or 14 for the case as well as for the control. A clinical as well as histological score was developed and the healing was assessed. Statistical analysis was done using Wilcoxon signed rank test and p value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant and z-score was also calculated. RESULTS: The clinical score did not show any statistical significance. The histological total score on day 14 and combined overall analysis of days 7 and 14 showed statistical significance. There was an increased incidence (n = 4) of osteoid formation in the hemocoagulase group on day 14. CONCLUSION: The application of hemocoagulase may improve and accelerates the process of wound healing in extraction sockets.