[Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and major aorto-pulmonary collateral arteries: diagnosis and treatment].

The basic principles of diagnosis and management of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and major aorto-pulmonary collateral arteries are systematizes in this paper. The personal experience of surgical treatment of consecutive 66 patients with this disease is analyzed, including one-stage and multistage approaches.

[Indices of fast acoustic adaptation in unilateral recording of short latent acoustic potentials in people with normal hearing and chronic functional voice disturbances]. / Pokaznyky shvydkoï slukhovoï adaptatsiï pry ipsylateral'nii reiestratsiï korotkolatentnykh slukhovykh vyklykanykh potentsialiv u osib z normal'nym slukhom, shcho strazhdaiut' khronichnymy funktsional'nymy porushenniamy holosu.

The authors presented the results of the study of the central parts of the acoustic analyzer using the method of recording the short latent acoustic evoked potentials (SAEP), with stimulus frequency of 21.1 and 90 Hz, in the persons suffered from chronic functional voice disturbances (CFVD). A total of 67 persons aged from 23 to 45 years with normal hearing function were examined; among them, the normal voice forming and the acoustic apparatus were found in 38, and CFVD was detected in 29 persons. The state of the central parts of the acoustic analyzer examined by using a method of fast acoustic adaptation (FAA) during recording the SAEP points to the interrelation between the acoustic and vocal systems on the level of brainstem. It should be mentioned that investigating the brainstem responses to auditory stimuli, especially of different frequency, is helpful to reveal the preclinical disturbances in the functional state of the central nervous system, and brainstem structures of the acoustic analyzer, in particular. So, it contributes to early diagnosis of these affections in the persons with voice and hearing pathology. The study of the central mechanisms of the interrelations between the acoustic and voice forming systems contributes to new progressive achievements in phonoaudiology and elaboration of new approaches in diagnosis and treating the voice and acoustic disturbances, which remain one of the burning problems in present otorhinolaryngology.

[Cardiac tamponade. Clinical, paraclinical, outcome, and therapeutic features. Report of 15 cases]. / La tamponnade. Aspects cliniques, paracliniques, évolutifs et thérapeutiques. A propos de 15 cas.

The authors perform a prospective study of 15 cases of cardiac tamponade in the Department of Cardiology of the University Hospital of Dakar (Senegal) from January to July 1999. The prevalence of cardiac tamponade is 4 %. The mean age is 33 years. There is no sex predominance. The clinical findings are: class III or IV NYHA dyspnea (86.6 %), pulsus paradoxus (66.6 %), and decrease intensity of the heart sounds (100 %). The electrocardiogram revealed sinus rhythm in 86.6 %, a low voltage of the QRS in all cases, and abnormalities of repolarization, mainly inverted T waves (73.3%). The echocardiography shows circumferential pericardial effusion (66.6 %), a "swinging heart" (53.3 %) and compression of right heart chambers (66.6 %). The main etiology was tuberculosis. The evolution is good after pericardiocentesis, surgical drainage and medical therapy. Cardiac tamponade is cardio-vascular emergency almost always due to tuberculosis with a good outcome if a prompt pericardiocentesis is performed.

[The time characteristics of the brain stem and cortical auditory evoked potentials in patients with chronic functional voice disorders]. / Chasovi kharakterystyky stovburomozkovykh i korkovykh slukhovykh vyklykanikh potentsialiv u khvorykh z khronichnymy funktsional'nymi porushenniamy holosu.

The study of time characteristics of short-latency acoustic evoked potentials (SLAEP) and long-latency acoustic evoked potentials (LLAEP) in relation to electroencephalography (EEG) data was performed in individuals with normal voice and hearing, as well as in patients with chronic functional voice impairments (CFVI). Significant abnormalities in SLAEP and LLAEP parameters, especially in patients with CFVI with low amplitude alpha-rhythm, were revealed. The conducted study of SLAEP and LLAEP with respect to EEG data in patients with CFVI with low amplitude alpha-rhythm provide objective evidence for beliefs of many clinicians about a prominent role of neurogenic factors in the development of functional voice impairments as well as the existence of correlation between hearing and voice-producing systems. Delay in the sound information processing at the level of the brainstem was found in patients with CFVI, especially in those having low amplitude alpha-rhythm, which was being observed in prolongation of the latency periods of peaks III, IV and V of the SLAEP waves along with widening of the interpeak intervals I-III and I-V. Such the patients are characterized by severe course of their disease and frequent relapses. The data received could be expediently used for treatment and rehabilitation of patients with CFVI and solving matters of labor expertise.

[The electrophysiological indices of the state of the different sections of the auditory analyzer in persons with a normal voice and with functional voice disorders]. / Elektrofiziolohichni pokaznyky stanu riznykh viddiliv slukhovoho analizatora v osib z normal'nym holosom ta z funktsional'nymy ioho porushenniamy.

Individuals with normal voice and patients with voice functional impairments undergone electrophysiological investigation of various parts of the hearing system, using tone audiometry, including the extended frequency band (10, 12, 14 and 16 kHz), as well as short- and long-latency acoustic evoked potentials (SLAEP and LLAEP). It was found out, that individuals with voice functional impairments had all of their hearing system's parts impaired to various extent, with more marked impairments in the central, rather than in the peripheral part of the hearing system. It was shown, that hearing at 4-8 kHz, as well as with the extended frequency band, especially at 14-16 kHz, time patterns of acoustic evoked potentials (latencies of waves III and V of SLAEP, the interpeak interval I-V, as well as the latency periods of the LLAEP components P2 and N2) could be useful in professional selection of individuals of voice and speech professions and for solving labor expertise matters. Of those individuals with normal voice but systematic vocal stress, 17.5% had impaired hearing at 14 and 16 kHz, as well as significant latency prolongation of the LLAEP wave N2 with tone stimulation at 1 and 4 kHz. Apparently, individuals of voice and speech professions should be referred to as the "risk" group. It may well be, that extended band audiometry and acoustic evoked potentials time patterns could be useful in determining the thresholds between the normality and pathology in voice dysfunctions.