ABSTRACT
CDK7 has emerged as an exciting target in oncology due to its roles in two important processes that are misregulated in cancer cells: cell cycle and transcription. This report describes the discovery of SY-5609, a highly potent (sub-nM CDK7 Kd) and selective, orally available inhibitor of CDK7 that entered the clinic in 2020 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04247126). Structure-based design was leveraged to obtain high selectivity (>4000-times the closest off target) and slow off-rate binding kinetics desirable for potent cellular activity. Finally, incorporation of a phosphine oxide as an atypical hydrogen bond acceptor helped provide the required potency and metabolic stability. The development candidate SY-5609 displays potent inhibition of CDK7 in cells and demonstrates strong efficacy in mouse xenograft models when dosed as low as 2 mg/kg.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Cell Cycle , Cyclin-Dependent Kinases , Drug Discovery , Protein Kinase Inhibitors , Animals , Female , Humans , Mice , Apoptosis , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Breast Neoplasms/metabolism , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Cell Proliferation , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-Activating Kinase , Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Nude , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Tumor Cells, Cultured , Xenograft Model Antitumor AssaysABSTRACT
Recent studies suggest that targeting transcriptional machinery can lead to potent and selective anticancer effects in cancers dependent on high and constant expression of certain transcription factors for growth and survival. Cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) is the catalytic subunit of the CDK-activating kinase complex. Its function is required for both cell-cycle regulation and transcriptional control of gene expression. CDK7 has recently emerged as an attractive cancer target because its inhibition leads to decreased transcript levels of oncogenic transcription factors, especially those associated with super-enhancers. Here, we describe a selective CDK7 inhibitor SY-1365, which is currently in clinical trials in populations of patients with ovarian and breast cancer (NCT03134638). In vitro, SY-1365 inhibited cell growth of many different cancer types at nanomolar concentrations. SY-1365 treatment decreased MCL1 protein levels, and cancer cells with low BCL2L1 (BCL-XL) expression were found to be more sensitive to SY-1365. Transcriptional changes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines were distinct from those following treatment with other transcriptional inhibitors. SY-1365 demonstrated substantial antitumor effects in multiple AML xenograft models as a single agent; SY-1365-induced growth inhibition was enhanced in combination with the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax. Antitumor activity was also observed in xenograft models of ovarian cancer, suggesting the potential for exploring SY-1365 in the clinic in both hematologic and solid tumors. Our findings support targeting CDK7 as a new approach for treating transcriptionally addicted cancers. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate the molecular mechanism of action and potent antitumor activity of SY-1365, the first selective CDK7 inhibitor to enter clinical investigation.
Subject(s)
Apoptosis/drug effects , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors , Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Animals , Cell Cycle/drug effects , Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/genetics , Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/metabolism , Female , High-Throughput Screening Assays , Humans , Mice , Mice, Inbred NOD , Mice, SCID , Models, Molecular , Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy , Ovarian Neoplasms/enzymology , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemistry , Tumor Cells, Cultured , Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-Activating KinaseABSTRACT
Catalytic asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of rac-furoin and furil produces hydrofuroin with up to 99% ee and 9:1 dr. This reaction provides an exceptionally easy access to optically active hydrofuroins in two straightforward steps from biomass-derived furfural (global production 200,000-300,000 t annually) using benzoin condensation.
Subject(s)
Furaldehyde/chemistry , Catalysis , Hydrogenation , Molecular Structure , StereoisomerismABSTRACT
Six new ruthenium complexes bearing a bidentate (κ(2)O,C)-isopropoxy-indenylidene and PPh(3) or PCy(3) ligands have been synthesized and characterized by (1)H, (13)C NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Some of these complexes were synthesized in dimethyl carbonate, a green solvent that was recently shown to be suitable for several catalytic transformations including olefin metathesis. The thermal stability and catalytic efficiency of the PCy(3)-containing complexes have been evaluated in a series of test reactions.
ABSTRACT
Two new ruthenium complexes bearing a bidentate (κ(2)O,C)-isopropoxy-indenylidene ligand and a PPh(3) (9) or PCy(3) (10, Cy=cyclohexyl) ligand have been synthesized and fully characterized by (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Complex 10 displays a very high thermal stability with a half life of six days at 110 °C in [D(8)]toluene. Complex 10 was evaluated in various ring-closing metathesis reactions and ring-opening metathesis polymerization of dicyclopentadiene, in which it showed a latent behavior with low activity at room temperature and high activity upon thermal activation.
