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1.
AAPS PharmSciTech ; 24(7): 185, 2023 Sep 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37700198

ABSTRACT

Periodontitis is a widespread oral health problem caused by bacterial infections that lead to tooth loss and other systemic diseases. The aim of this study was to provide an alternative treatment for periodontitis by developing a metronidazole-loaded in situ forming matrix (ISM) using camphor as its matrix former. Five-percent w/w metronidazole dissolved in N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) with varying concentrations of camphor (30-50% w/w) and triacetin (0-25% w/w) were used. The physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activities of formulations were evaluated. Results showed that as the percentage of camphor increased, viscosity, density, contact angle, surface tension, and force of injection increased, while water tolerance decreased. The same trend was observed when increasing the triacetin concentration. The optimal metronidazole-loaded ISM was obtained at 40% w/w camphor and 5% w/w triacetin, which prolonged the release of metronidazole up to 6 days with Fickian diffusion release profile. The higher concentration of triacetin slowed down the phase inversion that led to an incomplete formation of the matrix and resulted in an inefficiently prolonged release of the metronidazole. Antimicrobial activities demonstrated that the developed formulation efficiently inhibited periodontitis-induced microorganisms including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. The metronidazole-loaded camphor-based ISM has potential as a new drug delivery system for periodontitis treatment.


Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents , Metronidazole , Metronidazole/pharmacology , Camphor , Triacetin , Candida albicans , Escherichia coli , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology
2.
Int J Cosmet Sci ; 45(6): 739-748, 2023 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37402220

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The excessive use of plastic packaging, even though it is possible to recycle it, is one of the main causes of global warming. In this study, dissolvable shower gel tablets for multiple uses have been developed in order to reduce the use of fresh plastic packaging. METHODS: The appropriate ratio of two surfactants, cocoyl glutamic acid (CGA) and sodium coco sulphate (SCS), was optimized using design of experiments. Additionally, skin hydration of the emollient either omega oil or glycerine was taken into account when determining its concentration. After that, powdered shower gel formulations were made and tested for their properties, including cleaning power, and foamability. On 30 human volunteers, the effects of reconstituted shower gel on skin redness, cleaning effectiveness and overall satisfaction were evaluated. RESULTS: The study found that, when cleaning power and foam height were taken into account, the proper surfactant ratio was 7.5:0 (SCS:CGA). The 5% glycerine shower gel formula demonstrated significantly greater skin hydration than other formulas. The in vivo study's findings demonstrated that there was no statistically significant difference between selected formulas (5% glycerine and 2.5% omega oil) in terms of cleaning ability. Comparing both formulas to the control, neither showed any skin redness. Additionally, it was discovered that the developed products were much more effective at cleaning and easier to use when washing for the volunteers than regular liquid soap. Overall satisfaction and the moisturizing feel were not significantly different among all products. CONCLUSION: The formula with 7.5% SCS and 5% glycerine is said to be the best one for both cleaning ability and moisturizing effect. These findings suggest that dissolvable shower gel tablets with enhanced skin benefits could offer a promising innovation in the personal care industry.


OBJECTIF: L'utilisation excessive d'emballages en plastique, même s'il est possible de les recycler, est l'une des principales causes du réchauffement climatique. Dans cette étude, des pastilles de gel douche soluble à usages multiples ont été développées afin de réduire l'utilisation d'emballages plastiques. MÉTHODES: Le rapport approprié de deux tensioactifs, l'acide cocoyl glutamique (CGA) et le sulfate de coco sodique (SCS), a été optimisé à l'aide d'un plan d'expériences. De plus, l'hydratation de la peau par l'émollient, soit l'huile omega ou la glycérine, a été prise en compte lors de la détermination de sa concentration. Après cela, des formulations de gel douche en poudre ont été fabriquées et testées pour leurs propriétés, notamment leur pouvoir nettoyant et leur capacité à mousser. Sur 30 volontaires humains, les effets du gel douche reconstitué sur les rougeurs cutanées, l'efficacité nettoyante et la satisfaction globale ont été évalués. RÉSULTATS: L'étude a révélé que, lorsque la puissance de nettoyage et la hauteur de mousse étaient prises en compte, le rapport de surfactant approprié était de 7,5:0 (SCS:CGA). La formule du gel douche a 5 % de glycérine a démontré une hydratation de la peau nettement supérieure à celle des autres formules. Les résultats de l'étude in vivo ont démontré qu'il n'y avait pas de différence statistiquement significative entre les formules sélectionnées (5 % de glycérine et 2,5 % d'huile oméga) en termes de pouvoir nettoyant. En comparant les deux formules au contrôle, aucune n'a montré de rougeur cutanée. De plus, il a été découvert que les produits développés étaient beaucoup plus efficaces pour le nettoyage et plus faciles à utiliser lors du lavage pour les volontaires que le savon liquide ordinaire. La satisfaction globale et la sensation d'hydratation n'étaient pas significativement différentes entre tous les produits. CONCLUSION: La formule avec 7,5 % de SCS et 5 % de glycérine est considérée comme la meilleure pour la capacité de nettoyage et l'effet hydratant. Ces résultats suggèrent que les comprimés de gel douche solubles avec des bienfaits améliorés pour la peau pourraient offrir une innovation prometteuse dans l'industrie des soins personnels.


Subject(s)
Glycerol , Skin , Humans , Emollients , Tablets
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