ABSTRACT
Amino acid restriction by inhibition of neutral amino acid transporter, B0AT1 (SLC6A19) activity has been recently shown to improve glyceamic control by upregulating glucagon like peptide (GLP1) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF21) in mice. Hence, pharmacological inhibition of B0AT1 is expected to treat type-2 diabetes and related disorder. In this study, rationally designed trifluoromethyl sulfonyl derivatives were identified as novel, potent and orally bioavailable B0AT1 inhibitors. Compound 39 was found to be nanomolar potent (IC50: 0.035 µM) B0AT1 inhibitor with excellent pharmacokinetic profile (%F: 66) in mice and efficacious in vivo in diet induced obese (DIO) mice model.
Subject(s)
Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral/antagonists & inhibitors , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology , Drug Discovery , Sulfonamides/pharmacology , Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral/metabolism , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemistry , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Molecular Structure , Structure-Activity Relationship , Sulfonamides/chemistryABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a nuclear enzyme involved in the detection and repair of DNA damage. Studies have shown that inhibition of PARP and Tankyrase (TNKS) has significant antitumor effect in several types of cancers including BRCA-negative breast cancers. METHODS: Identification of ZYTP1, a novel PARP inhibitor, through a battery of in vitro assays and in vivo studies. PARP and TNKS inhibitory activity of ZYTP1 was assessed in cell-free kinase assay. In vitro cell killing potency of ZYTP1 was tested in a panel of cell lines including BRCA-negative cells. ZYTP1 was also tested in xenograft models in combination with temozolomide (TMZ). The pharmacokinetic profile of ZYTP1 was determined in rodent and non-rodent preclinical species. Safety of ZYTP1 was assessed in Wistar rats and Beagle dogs upon repeated dosing. RESULTS: ZYTP1 inhibited PARP1, PARP2, Tankyrase-1 and Tankyrase-2 with IC50 of 5.4, 0.7, 133.3 and 289.8 nM, respectively, and additionally trapped PARP1 onto damaged DNA. It also potentiated MMS-mediated killing of different cancer cell lines. Compound demonstrated good Caco-2 cell permeability. The oral bioavailability of ZYTP1 in mice, rats and dogs ranged between 40 and 79% and demonstrated efficacy in colon cancer xenograft model at a dose of 1-10 mg/kg in combination with TMZ. In a 28-day repeat dosing, oral toxicity study in rats, it was found to show > 10× safety margin. CONCLUSIONS: ZYTP1 is a novel PARP inhibitor that showed potential for development as a treatment for various solid tumors.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Colonic Neoplasms/drug therapy , Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Animals , Apoptosis/drug effects , Biological Availability , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , DNA Damage/drug effects , Dogs , Drug Monitoring/methods , Humans , Mice , Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Tankyrases/antagonists & inhibitors , Treatment Outcome , Xenograft Model Antitumor AssaysABSTRACT
In this work, nano-alumina was utilized as a reinforcing agent for guar gum, with an aim to improve its performance properties; especially, mechanical and barrier i.e. water vapor transmission rate (WVTR). Films were prepared by the process of solution casting. Concentration of nano-alumina was varied as 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 parts per hundred parts of resin (phr) in guar gum. The prepared pristine and guar gum/alumina nano-composite films were characterized for mechanical, puncture, x-ray diffraction, barrier, rheological and morphological properties. Tensile strength, Young's modulus, puncture strength, viscosity and crystallinity increased; whereas, WVTR, elongation at break (%) and damping factor decreased with increased concentration of nano-alumina in guar gum. However, optimized improvement in the performance properties were determined for 5 phr nano-alumina loaded guar gum polymer matrix, attributed to its better dispersion and interaction into the guar gum polymer chains due to the hydrophilic nature of both the materials. Above 5 phr concentration nano-alumina started forming aggregates, as evident from scanning electron microscopy.
ABSTRACT
Design, synthesis and conformational analysis of few imidazole and oxazole as bioisosters of 4S-(-)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N'-[(4-chlorophenyl)-sulfonyl]-4-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-caboxamidine (SLV-319) 2 is reported. Computer assisted conformational analysis gave a direct clue for the loss of CB1 antagonistic activity of the ligands without a fine docking simulation for the homology model.
