ABSTRACT
Mental well-being is now an increasingly researched and discussed topic that primarily involves taking care of mental health in a preventive manner and is more of a subjective concept. Mental well-being ensures mental health and measures taken toward it can protect the person's overall health. Discussing and researching this concept is of paramount importance as this will not just safeguard an individual life but the society at large. The lifetime of a woman is multidimensionally unique with a complex interplay of biological, sociocultural, and environmental aspects. This demands a diverse variety of factors required to ensure mental well-being in a woman. In addition to this, these determinants vary on the life stage the woman is in. Factors that influence this well-being are also specific when it comes to an Indian context. This chapter considers and discusses in detail the various aspects of the mental health and well-being of women in the pubertal, perinatal, and menopausal age groups. Determinants are unique to particular age groups of women, and measures to focus on and ensure it will be elaborated on. Finally, recommendations towards policy making are also suggested.
ABSTRACT
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in inducting trainee resident doctors (RDs) in the care of COVID-19 patients. Limited research has been conducted to understand the impact of domains other than physical and emotional health on their lives. The focus has been to understand the negative consequences of COVID-19 duties, disregarding the possibility of any positive impact that could have emerged. Aim: This mixed-methods study (qualitative and quantitative) aims to explore the holistic and comprehensive impacts of COVID-19 duties on RD's lives. Materials and Methods: This is a mixed-methods convergent design study conducted in a 1400-bed multispecialty teaching hospital in a metropolitan city in India. A phenomenological approach was used for the qualitative part of the study, and the data were collected using focus group discussions (FGDs). For quantitative purposes, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire was administered. Results: Qualitative findings show themes of negative impact covering domains of physical, emotional, social, and professional life. Themes that reveal a positive impact have emerged in the social, professional, and personal domains of the RDs' lives. Quantitative and qualitative results were in agreement with all the questions covered in the WHOQOL-BREF scale; however, the qualitative data findings extend far beyond. Conclusion: In the course of the COVID-19 duties, the RD has suffered in multiple domains, yet it has allowed them to self-reflect and change. As a consequence, they have grown as individuals in many areas of their lives. Working in COVID-19 wards has had a holistic impact on the RDs and has transformed them into better doctors.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Domestic violence can result from societal, community, and relationship factors pertaining to both the perpetrator and the victims. The male perpetrators of domestic violence have rarely been the subjects of a study. AIM: To understand the factors influencing a man's risk in perpetrating domestic violence in a community setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This observational, exploratory study was conducted on 50 male perpetrators of domestic violence in an urban slum. A semi-structured questionnaire which incorporated Adverse Childhood Experience International Questionnaire, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety, and Becks Inventory for Depression was used for assessment. RESULTS: All the respondents reported both verbal and physical violence with 26% reporting complicated physical violence. Alcohol dependence was diagnosed in 77% of respondents. Twenty-four percent had depression and 34% had anxiety. The mean number of ACEs suffered by the respondents was 4 and the range was 0-8. Substance abuse in the family (86%) and witnessing verbal/psychological abuse (82%) were the most common ACE found. Complicated domestic violence was statistically significantly associated with the presence of alcohol dependence, witnessing complicated physical abuse between the parents and parents separated due to death or divorce. Certain adversities, namely verbal punishment, physical punishment, bullying, community violence, caretaker of sibling, and household work, were strongly associated with abusers who suffered from psychiatric comorbidities. CONCLUSION: The presence and severity of alcohol dependence and the number of childhood adversities are strongly associated with complicated type of domestic violence. Those who were victims of a large number of ACEs also suffered from anxiety, depression, and alcohol dependence.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The widespread popularity of selfie-posting behavior has led to increasing academic interest in exploring psychological determinants for this behavior. AIM: The study aimed to evaluate sociodemographic factors, personality traits, and psychological motivations associated with selfie-posting behavior and to evaluate the association of psychological motivations for selfie-posting with personality traits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study assessed 727 medical and physiotherapy students with a semi-structured questionnaire consisting of information about sociodemographic factors, selfie-posting, and editing behavior, the Big Five Inventory and motivations for selfie-posting scale. RESULTS: There was a positive correlation of female gender, extraversion, and agreeableness with selfie-posting and editing and a negative correlation of neuroticism with both types of behavior. Communication was the most common motivation for selfie-posting followed by attention seeking. Extraverted people post selfies for attention seeking, communication, and archiving motive while agreeable individuals post them only for communication and archiving. CONCLUSION: Females as well as individuals with high extraversion and agreeableness engage in selfie-posting and selfie-editing more frequently while neurotic individuals tend to avoid engaging this behavior. Motivation for posting selfies most commonly was for communication followed by attention seeking. Individuals with different personalities use selfies differently to fulfill their inner psychological needs.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Treatment nonadherence is a major obstacle in the successful management of schizophrenia. Finding out factors associated with nonadherence and the reasons for nonadherence are important to improve treatment adherence in patients with schizophrenia. This study was conceived to evaluate treatment adherence in patients with schizophrenia and the factors associated with it. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 50 consecutive patients with schizophrenia with the help of semi-structured pro forma consisting of sociodemographic details, information regarding illness and treatment history, (PANSS), and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 to assess medication adherence. Nonadherent patients were further assessed for their reasons for nonadherence. RESULTS: Among the patients, 52% were low adherers (nonadherers). Factors associated with nonadherence were younger age of patients, male gender, low household income, higher PANSS score (positive, negative, and total score), lower grades of insight, lack of family history of psychiatric illness, responsibility of taking self-medications, first-generation antipsychotics, and number of drugs in prescription. Major reason for nonadherence given by patients were adverse effects of medications, treatment perceived as ineffective, financial problems, shame and stigma about illness and treatment, regarding treatment unnecessary and difficulty to access health-care facility. CONCLUSION: Our study established high proportion of nonadherence in patients with schizophrenia and also brought out factors associated and reasons for nonadherence. Adequate psychoeducation of patients and their caretakers as well as psychosocial interventions, strengthening mental health infrastructure, and community mental health services will significantly improve treatment adherence.
