Assessment of deep learning algorithms to predict histopathological diagnosis of breast cancer: first Moroccan prospective study on a private dataset.

OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer is a critical public health issue and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Its early diagnosis and detection can effectively help in increasing the chances of survival rate. For this reason, the diagnosis and classification of breast cancer using Deep learning algorithms have attracted a lot of attention. Therefore, our study aimed to design a computational approach based on deep convolutional neural networks for an efficient classification of breast cancer histopathological images by using our own created dataset. We collected overall 328 digital slides, from 116 of surgical breast specimens diagnosed with invasive breast carcinoma of non-specific type, and referred to the histopathology department of the National Institute of Oncology in Rabat, Morocco. We used two models of deep neural network architectures in order to accurately classify the images into one of three categories: normal tissue-benign lesions, in situ carcinoma or invasive carcinoma. RESULTS: Both Resnet50 and Xception models achieved comparable results, with a small advantage to Xception extracted features. We reported high degrees of overall correct classification accuracy (88%), and sensitivity (95%) for detection of carcinoma cases, which is important for diagnostic pathology workflow in order to assist pathologists for diagnosing breast cancer with precision. The results of the present study showed that the designed classification model has a good generalization performance in predicting diagnosis of breast cancer, in spite of the limited size of the data. To our knowledge, this approach can be highly compared with other common methods in the automated analysis of breast cancer images reported in literature.

Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast with Extracellular Mucin: Case Report of a New Variant of Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast.

Invasive carcinoma of no special type (NST) or ductal carcinoma is the largest group of invasive breast cancers. Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most common histological type; it comprises 5%-15% of all invasive breast cancers. Historically, lobular neoplasia and invasive lobular carcinoma may produce intracellular mucin that pushes the nucleus to one side, creating the characteristic signet ring cell morphology. The extracellular mucin secretion is essentially described in mucinous breast carcinoma. Mucinous differentiation can be seen in small areas of NST carcinoma, but recently a few cases of invasive lobular carcinoma with extracellular mucin are reported in the literature. It is important for pathologists to recognize this new entity because it mimics a NST carcinoma, as such a diagnosis may require a different approach in clinical management and surveillance. We report a new case of ILC with extracellular mucin and a review of the literature.

T300A variant of AT16L1 gene in a cohort of Algerian Crohn disease patients.

The T300A variant is among the most Crohn's disease (CD) associated genetic variants. The aim of our study is to bring a first insight about the contribution of the T300A variant in a cohort of Algerian CD. In a case/control design, 118 Algerian CD patients and 161 unrelated healthy subjects were genotyped for the T300A variant using the allelic discrimination test by Applied Biosystems Taqman® genotyping technology. A serological analysis was carried out using Biosystems™ ELISA kit for the assessment of the anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies and immunofluorimetry via Luminex® technology for the evaluation of cytokine levels (TNFα, IFNγ, IL-6 and IL-17). The comparison between allelic and genotypic frequencies was performed using the χ2 test and the exact Fischer test. The odds ratio (OR) was noted adopting confidence interval of 95%. The comparison between the averages was carried out by the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. A factorial discriminant analysis and a binary logistic regression were performed as further analyses. The T300A variant showed an increased risk of CD within homozygous variant carriers (P=0.027). Moreover, the carriage of the G allele was associated with the early onset of CD (P=0.01) and a severe CD impairment (P=0.045). We were not able to comfort the association of the T300A variant and ASCA IgA, ASCA IgG and IFNγ levels detected at the univariate analysis. Our results suggest a possible association between the T300A variant and CD in this cohort of Algerian CD patients. Moreover, this variant might be incriminated in the early onset of CD and a severe disease impairment. At the serological study, the univariate and the multivariate analyses yielded contradictory results. Further investigations of larger cohorts of Algerian CD are needed to better assess the suggested associations at the present study.

[Primary adenoid cystic carcinoma in breast]. / Carcinome adénoïde kystique primitif du sein.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the breast is a rare neoplasm. We report two observations occurring in female patients, 54 and 65 years old, who consulted for a mastodynia. Clinical examination showed limited painful breast nodules. On ultrasound and mammography they are well-limited bulky mass without microcalcifications. Diagnosis was based on final histopathological exam completed by immunohistochemistry or after slides review. The two patients were treated by mammectomy plus adjuvant radiotherapy and remain alive in remission with a follow-up of 29 and 36 months.

Influence of aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. petal on cadmium toxicity in rats.

The effects of chronic exposure to cadmium (Cd) on some selected biochemical parameters, as well as the possible protective role of aqueous extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa L petal were studied in 12-wk-old male Wistar albino rats. Exposure to Cd caused a significant increase in plasma Lalanine aminotransferases (ALT) only but with a corresponding decrease in liver L-alanine and L-aspartate aminotransferases (L-ALT, L-AST) when compared to the Cd-free control. Total superoxide dismutase activity was decreased in the liver, testis, and prostate of Cd-exposed rats, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were increased relative to the Cd-free control. The metal significantly increased prostatic acid phosphatase activity in the prostate, but decreased the body weight gain of the rats and organ/body weight ratio for prostate and testis compared to the Cd-free control. Pretreatment of rats with aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa resulted in significantly less hepatotoxicity than with Cd alone as measured by plasma ALT and liver ALT and AST activities. The extract also protected the rats against Cd-induced liver, prostate, and testis lipoperoxidation as evidenced by significantly reduced MDA values in these organs, as well as reduced prostatic acid phosphatase activity in the prostate, when compared to the Cd-only exposed rats. Also, when compared to the organ/body weight ratios obtained from rats exposed to Cd alone the prostate and testis were protected by the extract as shown by enhanced prostate/body weight and testis/body weight ratios of Cd- and extract-treated rats. These data suggest that H. sabdarrifa L might be protective in Cd toxicity.

Primary mediastinal anaplastic alk-1-positive large-cell lymphoma of T/NK-cell type expressing CD20.

We describe an unusual case of ALK-1-positive primary mediastinal lymphoma with the morphology of an anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) of T/NK cell type but expressing CD20. This tumour had T/NK morphology and immunophenotype, as demonstrated by its expression of CD30, EMA, ALK-1, CD7 and TiA-1 and the lack of expression of B-cell markers other than CD20. The significance of such a co-expression of a B cell-associated antigen in a case of ALCL of T/NK cell type is discussed.