ABSTRACT
Expression of the heterotrimeric collagen IV (alpha 1(IV))2 alpha 2(IV) is essential for the structural integrity and functional properties of basement membranes. The genes COL4A1 and COL4A2 coding for both subunits are located close to each other on the same chromosome and are transcribed from a common bidirectional promoter element. Binding of at least three different nuclear proteins could be detected within this promoter, a CCAAT-binding protein, Sp1 and a newly identified factor, designated 'CTCBF'. Mutagenesis of binding sites proved that these factors are essential for the efficient transcription of both genes, but revealed differential gene-specific effects. Therefore, the common promoter region of collagen IV does not represent an equally functional bidirectional element, but may be better understood as two overlapping gene-specific promoters with shared elements.
Subject(s)
Collagen/genetics , DNA-Binding Proteins/pharmacology , Promoter Regions, Genetic , Transcription, Genetic/drug effects , Base Sequence , Binding Sites , Cell Line , DNA Mutational Analysis , Humans , Molecular Sequence Data , Nuclear Proteins/metabolismABSTRACT
Eugen Galewsky (1864-1935), dermatologist in Dresden, introduced 1,8-dihydroxyanthrone (Cignolin, Dithranol) for therapy of psoriasis. He intended to substitute Chrysarobin, a synthetic product, which causes strong discolouring and irritation of skin. In 1916 the firm Farbenfabrik Bayer, Leverkusen, obtained a patent for synthesis of 1.8-dihydroxyanthrone by an inexpensive method. There is a reason to believe that the brother of Eugen Galewsky, the chemist Paul Galewsky, was a co-worker to the Farbenfabrik Bayer and that he recommended his brother Eugen testing Cignolin. Even now Cignolin is still used in the treatment of psoriasis.
Subject(s)
Anthralin/history , Germany , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Psoriasis/drug therapy , Psoriasis/historyABSTRACT
We found m-xylylene diamine, a widespread additive in plastics, to be a very potent sensitizer. Patch tests with other diamines revealed in all four patients allergic cross reactions to benzylamine. Two persons had also acquired an additional allergy to ethylenediamine. In a 59-year-old man, the allergic contact dermatitis provoked the first manifestation of an atopic dermatitis.
Subject(s)
Dermatitis, Contact/etiology , Dermatitis, Occupational/chemically induced , Xylenes/adverse effects , Adolescent , Adult , Benzylamines/adverse effects , Cross Reactions , Dermatitis, Contact/diagnosis , Eczema/chemically induced , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Patch Tests , PolyurethanesSubject(s)
Psoriasis/radiotherapy , Ultraviolet Therapy/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Exanthema/radiotherapy , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health CareSubject(s)
Methoxsalen/therapeutic use , Psoriasis/drug therapy , Clinical Trials as Topic , Female , Humans , Male , Photochemotherapy , Ultraviolet RaysABSTRACT
A precursor of type I collagen was accumulated when cranial bones from embryonic chicken were cultured in vitro in the presence of 2,2'-bipyridyl. While biochemical studies demonstrate that the precursor was present as a covalently linked trimer, evaluation of electron micrographs of segment-long-spacing aggregates show that the molecules of this precursor have an extension at the carboxy terminus only. These data provide further evidence that the inter-chain disulfide bonds in procollagen are located at the carboxy-terminal extension, and secondly, that 2,2'-bipyridyl does not interfere with a normal cleavage of procollagen peptides at the amino terminus, but inhibits the cleavage of the carboxy-terminal procollagen peptides.
Subject(s)
2,2'-Dipyridyl/metabolism , Collagen/biosynthesis , Disulfides , Peptides , Pyridines/metabolism , Skull/analysis , Animals , Chickens , Collagen/isolation & purification , Procollagen/biosynthesis , Procollagen/isolation & purificationSubject(s)
Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Skin Tests/methods , Erythema , Humans , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Allergenicity of benzylisothiocyanate and group-allergic cross reactions. Comparative patch-test series made in pateints suffering from contact dermatitis induced by Sulbentin (Dibenzthion)-antimycotics and in guinea pigs, experimentally sensitized to benzylisothiocyanate (BITC), showed: BITC is a potent contact sensitizer and the real hapten in cases of Sulbentin-allergy. Of special importance in this molecule is the benzyl-group. Neither 4,4-diphenylmethandiisocyanate and isophorondiisocyanate (substances used in polyurethane production) nor the closely related methylisothiocyanate (decomposition product of some potato-selecting agents) produced any groupallergic cross reactions in the above-mentioned patients and guinea pigs.
