[Causal links in forensic medicine in cases of acute enteric infections]. / Prichinno-sledstvennye svyazi v sudebnoi meditsine v sluchayakh ostrykh kishechnykh infektsii.

One of the main tasks in expertise of living persons is to determine the harm caused to human health. According to the regulations, only harm to human health caused by an injury and causally related with it is taken into account in the forensic examination of a living person. The establishment of a causal link allows to assess correctly the harm severity caused to human health. In this respect, the study of the effect of biological damaging factor on human body (cause) and the result of this interaction (effect) is a new step in modern science. The article presents the analysis of data from the reports of the Russian Reference Center on monitoring of enteric infection agents for 2016-2021; the results of examinations of subjects who suffered from acute enteric infections for 2018-2019 to study causal links in forensic medicine in cases of acute intestinal infections.

[Challenges of expert assessment of injury to health in the case of iatrogenic mastectomy due to erroneous histological verification of an oncological condition]. / Problemy ekspertnoi otsenki vreda zdorov'yu v sluchae yatrogennogo udaleniya molochnykh zhelez vsledstvie oshibochnoi gistologicheskoi verifikatsii onkologicheskoi patologii.

A case of commission forensic medical examination in the St. Petersburg Bureau of Forensic Science of a civil case due to an unfavorable treatment outcome is presented. Patient T., 45 years old; due to erroneous histological verification of oncological pathology, she had both breasts removed and received antitumor treatment. It has been shown that defects in histological diagnosis can lead to errors by clinicians and become the subject of lawsuits by patients accusing healthcare professionals of adverse treatment outcomes. It is emphasized that the current legislation lacks medical criteria and an algorithm for assessing the severity of injury to health in women with one or both breasts removed.

[Forensic medical assessment of the cases of HIV infection and hemocontact viral hepatitis B and C during the period from 2011 till 2015 in different subjects of the Russian Federation]. / Sudebno-meditsinskaya otsenka sluchaev VICh-infektsii i gemokontaktnykh gepatitov V i S v period s 2011 po 2015 g. v sub''ektakh Rossiiskoi Federatsii.

The annually increasing number of the patients presenting with HIV infection and hemocontact viral hepatitis is naturally accompanied by the growing number of deaths from these infectious pathologies. The objective of the present study was to analyze the results of forensic medical expertises of the cases of HIV infection and hemocontact viral hepatitis B and C during the period from 2011 till 2015 in different subjects of the Russian Federation. The data obtained confirm the tendency toward the further rise in the frequency of such cases in the practical work of forensic medical experts. Moreover, they indicate the necessity of registration of such cases in state forensic medical expertise organizations and open up the prospects for the development of the common approaches to the solution of the existing problems including the evaluation of the degree of the harm to human health.

[The new federal law in the light of forensic medical and legal proceedings].

The objective of the present study was the article by article analysis of the Code of administrative legal proceedings of the Russian Federation with special reference to the judicial-expert procedures with a view to enhancing the awareness of the readers with the new directions of activities of forensic medical experts in the law-courts. It is emphasized that a number of provisions of the Code have not been properly elaborated, nor have they been adequately coordinated with the standard regulatory acts concerning the analogous or related issues. It is concluded that the provisions of the Code pertaining to the activities of the forensic medical experts remain to be widely discussed in the public domain to provide a basis for the development of recommendations for the legislative correction of the selected articles of the Code.

[The peculiarities of the evaluation of the severity of the harm to health in the case of development of psychic problems associated with the concomitant HIV infection and the accompanying infectious pathology].

The objective of the present study was to elaborate the qualifying criteria for the evaluation of the severity of the harm to health in the case of development of a psychic disease associated with the concomitant HIV infection and the accompanying infectious pathology, in the first place tuberculosis, venereal diseases, parenteral hepatitis B and C. The scientifically substantiated qualifying criteria are proposed to be used for the expert assessment of the harm to health in the case of development a psychic disease associated with the concomitant HIV infection and the accompanying infectious pathology.

[Monitoring HIV infection morbidity in Moscow based on the data of forensic medical expertise].

The objective of the present study was the retrospective analysis of the cases of rapid diagnostics of the HIV status of the corpses referred to the pathologo-anatomical departments of Moscow. The standard statistical methods were used for this purpose. The structure of H IV infections is described in terms of age and sex of the affected subjects as well as stages of the disease. It was shown that cooperation of forensic medical services with AIDS control and prevention centres is of primary importance for the substantiation of the diagnosis, improvement of the quality of the relevant statistical information about the causes of death, enhancement of the objective value of epldemiological data on the occurrence of HIV infection and HIV-associated diseases in the city of Moscow.

[The role of the biological damaging factor in the explosive injury].

This article describes the specific features of the action of the biological damaging factors on the human organism associated with the explosive injury. Both the direct action of the damaging agents contained in the biological weapons and their secondary effects in the form of systemic and local infectious complications of the inflicted wounds are considered. The criteria for the evaluation of the degree of harm to the health of the victims of explosion attributable to the action of the biological damaging factor are proposed.

[The level of personnel awareness of HIV infection and the principal directions of its prophylaxis in a state-owned institution of forensic medical expertise].

The propagation of HIV infection in this country creates the threat of its penetration into state forensic-medical institutions. This study had the objective of estimating the degree of awareness of the personnel of such institutions of the HIV/AIDS problem including their knowledge of emergency preventive measures in extraordinary situations during autopsy studies and other investigations. Anonymous questionnaires were distributed among the respondents involved in the study. The awareness of the personnel of the state-governed institutions of forensic medical expertise was described as insufficient. Simultaneously, the high rate of occupational traumatism among the staff during execution of their offices was documented. Recommendations are proposed for the prevention of HIV infection among the personnel of the state-governed institutions of forensic medical expertise.

[On the competitiveness between parties in judicial proceedings with the participation of a forensic medical expert].

The authors report the results of analysis of the rights of the participants in judicial proceedings (both the prosecution and the defense) to appoint and carry out forensic medical expertise in the course of the criminal court process.

[Metric parameters of human body used in forensic medical examination].

The authors provide a rationale for the revision of morphometric parameters of the human body used in this country for the purpose of forensic medical examination.

[On the problem of scientifically-based substantiation of algorithms for the assessment of reliability of medical documentation].

This article deals with the problems of pertaining to the study and evaluation of "wrong" medical documents. The authors emphasize the necessity of development of reliable methods for this purpose with special reference to the goals of forensic medicine.

[Retrospective epidemiological analysis of occupational infection morbidity of employees in state forensic-medical expert institutions in 1990-2005].

The results of a retrospective epidemiological analysis of occupational tuberculosis and hemocontact virus hepatitis morbidity among forensic-medical examiners demonstrate that tuberculosis and virus hepatitis B and C morbidity among the examiners is ten times and more higher than among RF population and has a trend to further rise. This points to necessity for urgent prophylactic measures among personnel of the state forensic-medical institutions.