[Arnold Schell (1821-1900), departmental veterinarian and dozent of the Agricultural Academy in Bonn--contemporary historical profile of a personality]. / Arnold SCHELL (1821-1900), Departementsthierarzt und Dozent der Landwirthschaftlichen Akademie in Bonn--Zeitgeschichtliches Profil einer Persönlichkeit.

In the early 19th century numerous scientific educational institutions in the field of agriculture came into existence. Motives were new knowledges in agriculture, science and economics. After a transient establishment of an agricultural institute at the University of Bonn (1819-1826) in 1847 an independent academy of agriculture, later a college resp. a faculty were founded in Poppelsdorf nr. Bonn. Instructions on veterinary science, which was regarded as an auxiliary subject included animal diseases and anatomy as well as physiology of domestic animals. These subjects were taught for 48 years by Prof. Arnold SCHELL, honorary lecturer (1850-1898), being simultaneously Departmentstierarzt in Cologne and Kreistierarzt (district veterinary officer) in Bonn. SCHELL published articles with variable topics. He took an active hand as member of the executive committee (from 1860) and as head of the local section Bonn in the Landwirtschaftliche Verein für Rheinpreussen. He organized the Verein Rheinpreussischer Tierärzte, and he was for many years its president. As delegate of this association he advocated the corporate concerns in the Deutsche Veterinärrat and in the Centralvertretung der tierärztlichen Vereine Preussens. SCHELL was a distinguished teacher and conveyor between veterinary science and agriculture, he was engaged in problems of animals husbandry and epidemic law, he contributed essentially to the development of the veterinary corporation. He was decorated with top honors as Kronenorden III. class and Roter Adlerorden IV. and III. class.

[Karl Dammann--remembrance of an important veterinarian]. / Karl Dammann--Erinnerung an einen bedeutenden Tierarzt.

Carl Dammann' 150th anniversary of birth and 75th anniversary of death was in 1989. Therefore Dammann's activities as the last "Direktor" of the School of Veterinary Medicine in Hannover is worth to be documented briefly. Dammann studied Veterinary Medicine and Human Medicine. After that he taught at the School of Agriculture in Proskau and in Eldena (Poland) and later at the School of Veterinary Medicine in Hannover. In the position as the "Direktor" of the School he initiated some important reforms. The present location of the School in Hannover bases on Dammann's activities. In 1899, the Veterinary School of Hannover changed from the "Clever Tor" to the present place at the "Bischofsholer Damm".

[Dispensing law and sale of animal feed]. / Dispensierrecht und Futtermittelverkauf.

For the veterinarian, drug sale is generally permitted by his licence of drug dispensing. According to the law on animal feed, feedstuffs are not regarded as drugs and thus they are not licensed to be sold by veterinarians. Drugs, however, may only be released for the treatment of individual animals, which are previously examined by the vet. The sale of animal feed is not regarded as part of veterinary practice. Only in case of a registered additional business, a veterinarian is allowed to sale feedstuffs. Dietetic animal feedstuffs are also regulated by the Animal Feed Act. Dietetic drugs, however, are regulated by the Drug Act and are strongly to be delineated from dietetic feed. Thus, the term "dietetic" alone does not automatically give any legitimatization for a sale of feedstuffs in veterinary practice.

[Intermediary effectiveness of procaine and procaine metabolites following oral administration]. / Untersuchungen zur intermediären Wirksamkeit von Procain und Procainmetaboliten nach oraler Verabreichung.

The influence of orally administrated procaine hydrochloride and of its metabolites diethylaminoethanol, monoethylaminoethanol and ethanolamine on specific intermediary processes in rats was tested. While the animals got procaine hydrochloride in a single dose or via food the incorporation rate of amino acids in protein was measured in homogenisates of liver tissue by the incorporation of a mixture of 14C-amino acids. Procaine hydrochloride, the commercial product K. H. 3, as well as diethylaminoethanol, monoethylaminoethanol and ethanolamine increased the amino acid incorporation rate in a dose and time dependent mode, while p-aminobenzoic acid remained without any effect. The dose of procaine hydrochloride inducing a maximal reaction was in the range of 50 to 100 mg/kg b. w. (250 to 500 mg/kg food). The minimal active dose was nearly at 10 mg/kg b. w. Paying regard to a metabolic factor of 10 the effective dose-range is nearly the dose used in experience with human beings to influence geriatric complaints. In the study described here haematoporphyrine (a component of the commercial product K. H. 3, not absorbed) shows no specific intermediary effect. May be it promotes the intestinal absorption of procaine hydrochloride by protection against intestinal hydrolysis. The intermediary effect of procaine hydrochloride is to measure on cellular or subcellular level without compatibility to the activity as a local anaesthetic. With regard to other intermediary effects mentioned in the literature like growth promotion or inhibition of monoamine oxidase activity, it is discussed whether the increase of the hepatic amino acid incorporation rate is corresponding to geriatric experiences made with procaine hydrochloride.

[Effect of procaine and procaine metabolites on coenzyme A and acetyl coenzyme A concentration in various tissues of the rat]. / Einfluss von Procain und Procain-Metaboliten auf die Coenzym A- und Acetyl-Coenzym A-Konzentration in verschiedenen Geweben der Ratte.

In rats treated with procaine hydrochloride, diethylaminoethanol, monoethylaminoethanol, ethanolamine, as well as a combination of procaine hydrochloride and haematoporphyrine the ratio of acetyl coenzyme A and coenzyme A clearly was enhanced in the liver and to a minor extent in the cerebellum. In the tissue of cerebral cortex, heart, muscle and duodenum no corresponding effects were demonstrated. These findings, showing a further intermediary effect of orally administered procaine, can be interpreted as an influence in intermediary energy utilisation.

[Orienting study of the modification of age-related changes by procaine in the pig]. / Orientierende Untersuchung zur Beeinflussung altersabhängiger Veränderungen durch Procain am Schwein.

In 3 and 14 years old mini pigs age dependent changes as well as the opportunity to modify them with a combination of procaine and haemotoporphyrine, administered daily over 6 weeks in doses of 150 mg procaine hydrochloride per animal (3-5 mg/kg b.w.), were tested. In serum a small age dependent increase in catecholamine concentration was recognized, while the concentration of cortisol was distinctly increased in the older pigs. The monoamine oxidase activity was increased in the liver of the 14 years old pigs while no differences were found in cerebral cortex. Under procaine the old animals showed a clear decrease in monoamine oxidase activity as well as in cholinesterase activity. Furthermore an age dependent decrease of the thymidine triphosphate incorporation rate as well as the amino acid incorporation rate was found in liver, cerebral cortex, small intestine and spleen. Jejunal enzyme activities also were decreased age dependently. Otherwise procaine hydrochloride induced an increase in intestinal enzyme activities of both animal groups. These findings demonstrate that different intermediary processes change age dependently. Also it is shown, that procaine hydrochloride develops intermediary effects.