ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a progressive inflammatory disease that ultimately results in cirrhosis and liver failure. It is assosiciated with two step hit scenario; the first step is fat accumulationin liver and in the second step inflammation and fibrosis are the major compenents. The incidence of this disease is increasing worldwide, following rising incidences of obesity and diabetes mellitus. AIM: The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease andseverity and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio among the patients having type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: This study involved 143 patients with type 2 diabetes who were placed into four groups (grade 0, 1, 2, 3) based on steatosis level due to blinded ultrasonographic evaluation. Biochemical parameters and counts of total white blood cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes were determined. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was compared across the four patient groups. RESULTS: Levels of hemoglobin A1c, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly different between the four patient groups (ANOVA p-values: p <0.001, p=0.011, p=0.002, p=0.034, p=0.002, respectively). Counts of white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio significantly differed between the groups (p <0.001). Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was positively correlated with steatosis grade (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio increases with increasing grade of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes, and may be a convenient marker to follow progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. (Acta gastro-enterol. belg., 2016, 79, 295-300).
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Liver , Lymphocyte Count/methods , Neutrophils , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Adult , Aged , Biomarkers/analysis , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis , Disease Progression , Female , Humans , Liver/diagnostic imaging , Liver/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/blood , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/diagnosis , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/physiopathology , Predictive Value of Tests , Prognosis , Reproducibility of Results , Severity of Illness Index , Statistics as TopicABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between severe tinnitus and inflammation using the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a marker of stress. METHODS: A total of 107 patients who had been suffering with severe tinnitus (tinnitus handicap inventory scale grades of 3-5) for at least 2 weeks were recruited. Patients underwent detailed ENT examinations and audiometric tests to exclude a relevant pathological cause of the tinnitus. Patients with systemic diseases, malignancy or inflammatory diseases that could alter neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were excluded. A total of 107 age- and sex-matched healthy control participants were also recruited. Routine laboratory test results and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were compared between the patients and controls. RESULTS: Lipid profile, liver function, white blood cell count, haemoglobin level, mean corpuscular volume, and vitamin B12 and folate levels were similar among the patients and controls. However, mean neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was significantly higher among the patients than the controls (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The findings of this novel study suggest that neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio should be considered during the evaluation of tinnitus patients as a potential clinical marker of tinnitus. Further studies are required to verify the findings.