ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Olive (Olea europaea L.) plays a promising role in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetic production. On the other hand, olive leaf is widely used in folk medicine due to its antihyperglycemic activity. For this aim, possible effects of olive leaf extract (OLE) in the brain tissue of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were investigated. METHODS: A total of 28 male rats were divided into four equal groups as control, diabetic (single dose of 45 mg/kg streptozotocin, i.p.), OLE (500 mg/kg/day), and diabetic + OLE groups. The study was terminated 21 days after the diabetes model was formed. At the end of the study, all the animals were sacrificed and blood and brain tissues were isolated. Relative brain weights, complete blood count, blood glycated hemoglobin, serum glucose, total protein, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, gonadal hormone levels, production and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators, total thiol, total oxidative stress, and total antioxidant status levels and fatty acid composition in brain tissue were measured in all study groups. RESULTS: In diabetic rats, relative brain weight and serum insulin level decreased, glycated hemoglobin, oxidative stress, production and mRNA level of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators increased, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, degraded fatty acid composition, anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia occurred. After OLE treatment, a remarkable improvement in most of these parameters, except gonadal hormones, has been observed in diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that olive leaf can be a precious neuroprotective agent in diabetes.
ABSTRACT
Our study developed a quick method for confirmatory analysis of avermectins (abamectin B1a, doramectin, ivermectin B1a, eprinomectin B1a, and moxidectin) in bovine milk according to the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC requirements. Avermectins were liquid-liquid extracted with acetonitrile, followed by an evaporation step, and then analyzed by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in the negative ion mode. An in-house method validation was performed and the data reported on specificity, linearity, recovery, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, decision limit, and detection capability. The advantage of this method is that low levels of avermectins are detectable and quantitatively confirmed at a rapid rate in milk.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was investigate nitrate and nitrite levels in some traditional foods and drinking water in Van, an endemic upper gastrointestinal (esophageal and gastric) cancer region of Eastern Turkey. METHODS: Cheese with added herbs, drinking water, bread baked by wood fire and bread baked by burning animal manure specimens collected in the Van region were analyzed by Stahr's modification method. Nitrite was reduced to nitrate by the following three reagents: hydrazine sulphate ((NH2) 2SO4), CuSO4 and NaOH. Nitrate was then determined by coupling reagent containing sulphanlyamide, phosphoric acid and N-1-naphtyl ethylendiamine dihydrochloride. RESULTS: Nitrate and nitrite levels of all traditional foods and nitrite levels of drinking water were very significantly elevated compared to standard values (p<0.001- 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the influence of a traditional diet rich in nitrate and nitrite is significant in the development of endemic upper gastrointestinal (esophageal and gastric) cancers in the Van region of Turkey.
