Prospective, Randomized Study on the Use of Prosthetic Mesh to Prevent a Parastomal Hernia in a Permanent Colostomy: Results of a Long-term Follow-up.

BACKGROUND: Parastomal hernias are common with permanent colostomies and prone to complications. The short-term results of trials of parastomal hernia prevention are widely published, but long-term results are scarce. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to detect the long-term effects and safety of preventive intra-abdominal parastomal mesh. DESIGN: This is a long-term follow-up of a previous prospective randomized, controlled multicenter trial. SETTINGS: This study was conducted at 2 university hospitals and 3 central hospitals in Finland. PATIENTS: Patients who had a laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer between 2010 and 2013 were included in the study and invited for a follow-up visit. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcomes measured were clinical and radiological parastomal hernias. RESULTS: Twenty subjects in the mesh group and 15 in the control group attended the follow-up visit with a median follow-up period of 65 (25th-75th percentiles, 49-91) months. A clinically detectable parastomal hernia was present in 4 of 20 (20.0%) and 5 of 15 (33.3%) subjects in the mesh and control groups (p = 0.45). A radiological parastomal hernia was present in 9 of 19 (45.0%) subjects in the mesh group and 7 of 12 (58.3%) subjects in the control group (p = 0.72). However, when all subjects (n = 70, 1:1) who attended the 12-month follow-up were screened for long-term results according to register data, 9 of 35 (25.9%) subjects in the mesh group and 16 of 35 (45.6%) subjects in control group were diagnosed with a parastomal hernia during the follow-up period (p = 0.10). In addition, only 1 of 35 (2.7%) subjects in the mesh group but 6 of 35 (17.1%) subjects in the control group underwent a parastomal hernia operation during the long-term follow-up (p = 0.030). LIMITATIONS: The study is limited by the small number of patients. CONCLUSION: Prophylactic intra-abdominal keyhole mesh did not decrease the rate of clinically detectable hernias but reduced the need for the surgical repair of parastomal hernias. Further trials are needed to identify a more efficient method to prevent parastomal hernias. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B171. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: https://clinicaltrials.gov. Identifier: NCT02368873. ESTUDIO PROSPECTIVO ALEATORIZADO SOBRE EL USO DE MALLA PROTÉSICA PARA PREVENIR UNA HERNIA PARAESTOMAL EN UNA COLOSTOMÍA PERMANENTE: RESULTADOS DE UN SEGUIMIENTO A LARGO PLAZO: PREVENCIÓN DE HERNIA PARAESTOMAL, NEOPLASIA COLORRECTAL/ANAL: Las hernias paraestomales son comunes con colostomías permanentes y son propensas a complicaciones. Los resultados a corto plazo de los ensayos sobre la prevención de la hernia parastomal se publican ampliamente, pero los resultados a largo plazo son escasos.El objetivo del estudio es detectar los efectos a largo plazo y la seguridad de la malla parastomal intraabdominal preventiva.Este es un seguimiento a largo plazo de un estudio aleatorizado prospectivo, controlado y multicentrico previo.Este estudio se realizó en dos hospitales universitarios y tres hospitales centrales en Finlandia.Los pacientes que se sometieron a una resección abdominoperineal laparoscópica por cáncer de recto 2010-2013 fueron incluidos en el estudio e invitados a una visita de seguimiento.Hernias parastomales clínicas y radiológicas.Veinte sujetos en el grupo de malla y 15 en el grupo control asistieron a la visita de seguimiento con una mediana de seguimiento de 65 meses (25-75 ° percentil 49-91). Una hernia paraestomal clínicamente detectable estuvo presente en 4/20 (20.0%) y 5/15 (33.3%) en los grupos de malla y control, respectivamente (p = 0.45). Una hernia parastomal radiológica estuvo presente en 9/19 (45.0%) en el grupo de malla y 7/12 (58.3%) en el grupo de control (p = 0.72). Sin embargo, cuando todos los sujetos (n = 70, 1: 1) que asistieron a los 12 meses de seguimiento fueron evaluados para obtener resultados a largo plazo de acuerdo con los datos del registro, 9/35 (25.9%) sujetos en el grupo de malla y 16/35 (45,6%) sujetos en el grupo control fueron diagnosticados con una hernia paraestomal durante el período de seguimiento (p = 0,10). Además, solo 1/35 (2.7%) en el grupo de malla pero 6/35 (17.1%) en el grupo control se sometieron a una operación de hernia paraestomal durante el seguimiento a largo plazo (p = 0.030).El estudio está limitado por un pequeño número de pacientes.La malla intra-abdominal profiláctica en ojo de cerradura no disminuyó la tasa de hernias clínicamente detectables, pero redujo la necesidad de la reparación quirúrgica de las hernias paraestomales. Se necesitan ensayos adicionales para identificar un método más eficiente para prevenir las hernias parastomales. Vea el resumen del video en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B171. (Traducción-Dr. Gonzalo Hagerman).NCT02368873.

Patient-reported pelvic floor symptoms 5 years after hysterectomy with or without prolapse surgery.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hysterectomy with or without concomitant prolapse surgery on subject-reported pelvic floor disorders (PFD) with a 5-year follow-up. STUDY DESIGN: This prospective longitudinal study was carried out in two Finnish central hospitals among 286 women who had undergone hysterectomy for benign reasons. The presence of urinary incontinence, urinary frequency, feeling of vaginal bulging, constipation and anal incontinence was evaluated at baseline, 1 and 5 years postoperatively. Analysis was performed on 256 (895%) patients who answered at least one of the follow-up questionnaires. RESULTS: Hysterectomy with concomitant native tissue prolapse surgery significantly reduced urinary incontinence, urinary frequency, constipation and the feeling of vaginal bulging, and the results were maintained over the following five years. Plain hysterectomy reduced urinary frequency and the feeling of vaginal bulging but did not relieve urinary incontinence. Hysterectomy had no effect on anal incontinence. The total subsequent prolapse and/or incontinence operation rate was 2,7%, and was higher among patients who underwent hysterectomy for pelvic organ prolapse. CONCLUSIONS: During a 5-years follow-up a hysterectomy alone or with native tissue prolapse surgery did not worsen pelvic floor disorders.

Quality of life and pelvic floor dysfunction symptoms after hysterectomy with or without pelvic organ prolapse.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of hysterectomy with or without pelvic organ prolapse (POP) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and pelvic floor disorders. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study at two central hospitals in Finland. During one year 322 women underwent elective hysterectomy for benign conditions with or without vaginal wall repair. The study population was divided in two groups, patients with and without POP. The HRQoL questionnaires RAND-36 and 15D, and questionnaires assessing urinary and bowel dysfunction symptoms were obtained preoperatively and 12 months postoperatively. POP was defined as the descent of apical, anterior or posterior compartment of vaginal wall grade ≥2 in the Baden-Walker classification at any site. Main outcome measures were HRQoL, improvement of symptoms and de novo symptoms. RESULTS: At baseline the mean 15D score of all patients was lower than that of the age-standardized population sample (p<0.001). At one year postoperatively, the mean 15D score of the patients had improved (p=0.001), this resulting mainly on dimensions of excretion (voiding and defecation), usual activities, discomfort and symptom, distress, vitality and sexual activity. HRQoL improved especially in patients with POP. They reported improvement of symptoms in urinary incontinence, urinary frequency, constipation and sense of bulging but surgery had no effect on anal incontinence. Patients without POP reported improvement in pain dimension, urinary frequency and feeling of bulging. Urinary incontinence was the most common (15.4% and 13.8%) de novo symptom in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Hysterectomy with or without concomitant pelvic organ prolapse surgery improves health-related quality of life and reduces pelvic floor symptoms in one-year follow-up.

[Dysfunctions associated with pelvic floor function, and their diagnostics]. / Lantionpohjan toimintaan liittyvät häiriöt ja niiden diagnostiikka.

Pelvic floor dysfunctions are common, mainly female ailments that are usually benign but decreasing the quality of life. Their main risk factors include pregnancy, childbirth and ageing. Investigation and treatment of pelvic floor dysfunctions should be carried out in a pervasive manner, including observation of all compartments, structures and functions of the pelvic floor. Diagnostic forms are helpful in symptom surveys. Pelvic floor dysfunctions are elucidated by functional investigations such as EMG investigation of the pelvic floor, anomanometry and urodynamics.

[Functional obstructed defecation syndrome]. / Toiminnallinen ulostamisvaikeusoireyhtymä.

The complex neural coordination and physiology of normal defecation has not yet been completely explained. A defecation event can be disturbed for many reasons, the most common being associated with pregnancy and childbirth, gynaecological descent or neurogenic disturbances of the brain-bowel axis. Causes of obstructed defecation are elucidated by functional imaging and functional investigations of the pelvic floor. Biofeedback treatment can be applied to paradoxal puborectal contraction (anismus), a coordination disturbance of pelvic floor muscles. A new surgical procedure has been developed for the treatment of rectal invagination and rectocele.

Development of colorectal tumors in colonoscopic surveillance in Lynch syndrome.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Mutation carriers in Lynch syndrome families have a high risk for developing colorectal cancer during their lifetime. This study was designed to assess the cumulative risk for the development of colorectal adenoma or carcinoma in prospective colonoscopic surveillance. METHODS: Data from the Finnish Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Registry electronic database on 420 Lynch syndrome mutation carriers without previous colorectal tumors were reviewed. Between March 1982 and May 2005 the mutation carriers underwent a total of 1252 colonoscopies. The total follow-up time was 3150 years (mean, 6.7 y/patient). RESULTS: The cumulative risk of adenoma by age 60 was estimated as 68% (95% confidence interval [CI], 50%-80%) in men and 48% (95% CI, 29%-62%) in women. The estimated cumulative risk up to age 60 years for the development of cancer found as a result of surveillance at an interval of 2-3 years was 35% (95% CI, 16%-49%) in men and 22% (95% CI, 7%-34%) in women. Half of the adenomas were located proximal to the splenic flexure. Extracolonic cancer was diagnosed in 73 patients (18%). CONCLUSIONS: Adenoma would appear to be the most important lesion preceding cancer formation in Lynch syndrome and removal of adenomas decreases the risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). The Finnish surveillance protocol of colonoscopies at 2- to 3-year intervals facilitates patient adherence but includes an essential risk for CRC up to 60 years of age, but without CRC-related mortality when the surveillance instructions are followed.

The role of mediolateral episiotomy during labour: analysis of risk factors for obstetric anal sphincter tears.

BACKGROUND: To determine risk factors for third-degree and complete third- or fourth-degree anal sphincter tears in vaginal delivery. METHODS: This is a retrospective comparative study. Fifty-three women who had sustained an anal sphincter tear were compared with 9,178 women without such a complication between August 1997 and October 2001. Obstetric data was collected from an electronic database. The main outcome measures were odds ratios. RESULTS: In the whole study population, odds ratios (ORs) for third-degree tears were: primiparity, 8.34 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.98-17.48); vacuum extraction, 5.22 (95% CI 2.69-10.13); parietal presentation, 3.97 (95% CI 1.16-13.64); and birth weight >4,000 g, 3.77 (95% CI 2.11-6.68); and for complete third- or fourth-degree tears odds ratios were 5.42, 2.98, 5.64, and 3.01, respectively. In multivariate analysis, mediolateral episiotomy appeared to be protective as regards third-degree tears (OR 0.37 [95% CI 0.2020-0.70]). CONCLUSIONS: Vacuum-assisted vaginal delivery bears an increased risk of third-degree anal sphincter tears in a maternity unit where forceps are not used. Restricted use of mediolateral episiotomy may have a protective effect on the perineum.

Immediate repair of obstetric anal sphincter rupture: medium-term outcome of the overlap technique.

PURPOSE: Overlap sphincteroplasty is gaining popularity in the primary repair of obstetric sphincter ruptures. This study was designed to evaluate the medium-term outcome of the overlap technique. METHODS: Between August 1997 and October 2001, 31 consecutive females who were diagnosed with a complete third-degree or fourth-degree anal sphincter rupture underwent overlap sphincteroplasty immediately after delivery. Thirty of the females were followed-up for a median of 24 months. The outcome was assessed by clinical examination, anal endosonography, Wexner score, and pelvic floor electromyography. RESULTS: Median 24 (range, 12-63) months after delivery, 23 females (77 percent) were free of symptoms of anal incontinence. Occasional incontinence to flatus and liquid stool occurred in 17 and 7 percent of patients, respectively. Seven percent of patients had a Wexner incontinence score of > 9. The maximum mean resting pressure was 55 (range, 20-90) mmHg, and the maximum mean incremental squeeze pressure was 37 (range, 14-95) mmHg. On anal endosonography, an unrecognized internal sphincter rupture was found in one and a failed repair in two females. Overlap of the external sphincter was demonstrated in 29 patients (97 percent). One female with anal incontinence and persisting external sphincter rupture underwent redo sphincteroplasty. CONCLUSIONS: The median-term outcome of primary overlap repair for obstetric sphincter rupture is good; however, larger, randomized studies with a longer follow-up are needed to evaluate the advantage of this technique over the end-to-end technique.

Open vs. laparoscopic surgery for rectal prolapse: a case-controlled study assessing short-term outcome.

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic repair for rectal prolapse. METHODS: A case-control study was undertaken. The case group consisted of a consecutive series of patients who underwent laparoscopic repair for rectal prolapse between February 1993 and June 2000. The control group underwent open prolapse repair between October 1987 and January 2000. RESULTS: There were 53 patients in each group. The groups were matched according to operation type, gender, and age. Median operative time was longer in the case group than in the control group (resection rectopexy 210 vs. 117 minutes, rectopexy 127.5 vs. 72 minutes, respectively). Median postoperative hospital stay was shorter in the case group than in the control group (resection rectopexy 5 vs. 7 days, rectopexy 4.5 vs. 7 days, respectively). Median intraoperative bleeding was minor in the case group (resection rectopexy 35 vs. 300 ml, rectopexy 15 vs. 100 ml, respectively). Mortality (0 vs. 4 percent), complications (23 vs. 30 percent), late complications (4 vs. 13 percent), and the rate of recurrent prolapse (6 vs. 13 percent) did not differ significantly between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic repair for rectal prolapse is technically feasible and can be performed with mortality and morbidity rates comparable to those of the conventional technique. The main advantages of the laparoscopic approach appear to be a shorter hospital stay and lessened intraoperative blood loss. Recurrence rate is not increased in the short term.