ABSTRACT
Managing complications in Type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains challenging. HLA genes, particularly DR and DQ, are linked to T1D susceptibility. We studied 48 Japanese T1D inpatients and revealed associations between DRB1*04:05-DQB1*04:01 and DRB1*09:01-DQB1*03:03 haplotypes and complications, offering a new perspective for future research.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 , Diabetic Angiopathies , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Humans , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics , Male , Female , Adult , Diabetic Angiopathies/epidemiology , Diabetic Angiopathies/genetics , Japan/epidemiology , HLA-DRB1 Chains/genetics , HLA-DQ beta-Chains/genetics , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Haplotypes , Asian People/statistics & numerical data , Asian People/genetics , Adolescent , Diabetic Neuropathies/epidemiology , Diabetic Neuropathies/genetics , Diabetic Neuropathies/etiology , East Asian PeopleABSTRACT
Genetic factors, particularly human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes, are known to significantly influence the onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Additionally, patients with T1D often develop autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). Despite this association, comprehensive research on individuals with both AITD and T1D in Japan, especially regarding the influence of specific HLA alleles, remains insufficient. In this retrospective study, we analyzed 44 inpatients diagnosed with T1D. These patients were predominantly female, with an average onset age of 35 years, poor blood sugar control, and approximately 43.2% had concurrent AITD. We observed significant associations of HLA-DRB1*04:05, HLA-DRB1*09:01 and HLA-DRB1*15:02 alleles with T1D regardless of AITD presence, which had been previously established for T1D in Japanese. In this context, comparing Japanese patients with AITD alone, we noted AITD comorbidity with T1D results in alterations in the frequencies of HLA-DRB1*09:01, HLA-DRB1*04:03, and HLA-DRB1*15:02. Furthermore, HLA-DRB1*04:05, HLA-DRB1*09:01, HLA-DRB1*13:02, and HLA-DRB1*15:01 alleles may be alleles whose susceptibility varies for both conditions. These findings underscore the importance of understanding the relationship between T1D, AITD, and HLA genetics, which may inform personalized treatment strategies and facilitate the development of targeted therapies. Future research endeavors should aim to elucidate underlying mechanisms and validate these findings in larger cohorts.
