ABSTRACT
The present study describes a local drug delivery system with two functions, which can suppress tumor growth and accelerate wound healing. Thе system consists of a two-layer multicomponent fibrin-based gel (MCPFTG). The internal layer of MCPFTG, which is in direct contact with the wound surface, contains cisplatin placed on a CultiSpher-S collagen microcarrier. The external layer of MCPFTG consists of a CultiSpher-S microcarrier with lyophilized bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). The efficacy of MCPFTG was evaluated in a rat model of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue created with 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide. The results of the study showed that, within 20-25 days, a non-healing wound of the tongue was formed in animals that underwent only 85% resection of squamous cell carcinoma, while rapid progression of the residual tumor was concomitantly observed. Immunohistochemical methods revealed high expression of cyclin D1 and low expression of E-cadherin in these animals. Additionally, high expression of p63 and Ki-67 was noted. In 80% of animals with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue that were treated with MCPFTG after 85% tumor resection, a noticeable suppression of tumor growth was evident throughout 150 days, and tumor recurrence was not detected. Immunohistochemistry revealed low or moderate expression of cyclin D1, and high expression of E-cadherin throughout the whole observation period. The MCPFTG-based local drug delivery system was shown to be effective in suppressing tumor growth and preventing recurrence. MCPFTG decreased the toxicity of cisplatin and enhanced its antitumor activity. In addition, lyophilized paracrine BMSC factors present in MCPFTG accelerated wound healing after tumor removal. Thus, the present study suggests novel opportunities for the development of a multifunctional drug delivery system for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma.
ABSTRACT
In this review, we draw attention and discuss the risk factors and causes of the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) focusing on oral microbiota. Recently, a breakthrough in the study of cancer has been the discovery of the relationship between the presence of certain types of bacteria and the development of cancer in the human body. Studies have shown that, Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) bacteria that is responsible for the destructive processes in the oral cavity, could play an important role in the development of OSCC. In our continuing search for bacteria that causes oral squamous cell carcinoma, we came across the Pseudomona aeruginosa, which due to its metabolite properties, may play important role in carcinogenesis of oral cancer. One possible mechanism is the ability of Pseudomonas to synthesize nitric oxide (NO) that modulates different cancer-related appearances such as apoptosis, cell cycle, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. We think that P. aeruginosa increases the concentration of NO by converting salivary nitrite to nitric oxide, and this is how it contributes to NO-related carcinogenesis. Early diagnosis and treatment of periodontitis are very important not only for patients' oral health, but also for the prevention of OSCC development. Screening test for OSCC based on determination of salivary NO levels could be appealing and may prove to be useful assay for diagnosis and early detection of disease progression in oral cancer.
