The correlation between Salter's criteria for avascular necrosis of the femoral head and Kalamchi's prognostic classification following the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between Salter's criteria and Kalamchi's classification of avascular necrosis in patients treated for developmental dysphasia of the hip (DDH). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study involved a retrospective analysis of 123 patients (123 hips) with DDH treated by operative and non-operative reduction before the age of two years, with a minimum follow-up of ten years. Salter's criteria (S1 to S4) were determined from radiographs obtained at one to two years post-reduction, whilst the Kalamchi grade was determined from radiographs obtained at ten or more years of age. Early post-reduction radiographs were also used to evaluate the centre-head distance discrepancy (CHDD) and the occurrence of a dome-shaped deformity of the proximal femoral metaphysis (D-shaped metaphysis). The prognosis was described as good (Kalamchi grade K0 or KI), fair (Kalamchi grade KII) or poor (Kalamchi grade KIII or KIV) for analysis and correlation with the early Salter criteria, CHDD and D-shaped metaphysis. RESULTS: S1 and S2 criteria were predictive of a poor prognosis. The outcome following S3, S4 and S3 + S4 varied; 18 (40%) had a good prognosis, 17 (38%) a fair prognosis and ten (22%) a poor prognosis. A CHDD ≥ 10% and a D-shaped metaphysis were also predictive of a poor prognosis. CONCLUSION: The Salter criteria were predictive of the Kalamchi grade of avascular necrosis in patients with DDH aged ten or more years after reduction of the hip. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1115-20.

Wrist extension strength required for power grip: a study using a radial nerve block model.

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of wrist extension strength (WES) and grip strength (GS) using a radial nerve block, and to determine the WES required to prevent the "wrist flexion phenomenon" (antagonistic WES) when making a fist. We tested 14 arms in seven healthy males. WES and GS were measured before blocking as standard WES and standard GS. All participants then had radial nerve blocks with mepivacaine hydrochloride. During the recovery process from radial nerve blockade, WES and GS were recorded every 5 minutes. There was a very strong correlation between WES and GS (p < 0.0001). The mean antagonistic WES was 51% of standard WES, and the mean GS, recorded at the same time, was 66% of standard GS.

[Basic studies of BALL ELSA CA125-II KIT for detection of serum cancer antigen 125].

We made basic studies of BALL ELSA CA125-II KIT which is a solid phase two site immunoradiometric assay. The first monoclonal antibody (M11) is coated on the BALL ELSA solid phase, and the second one (OC125), radiolabeled with 125I, is used as a tracer. Since serum CA125 values varied by incubation time, incubation temperature and agitation speed, the conditions of the assay had to be kept strictly. Intra- and interassay reproducibility, recovery test and dilution test were well satisfied. Prozone phenomenon was observed over 5,000 U/ml. The minimum detectable concentration was 7.5 U/ml. Serum CA125 values measured using BALL ELSA CA125-II KIT was correlated with those measured using conventional CENTOCOR CA125 RIA KIT (y = 1.058x-0.106 r = 0.973), although in the serum of a patient with chronic pancreatitis the discrepancy between serum CA125 values measured using these kits was observed.

Corporate family planning.

PIP: A forward-looking long-term policy of employment-based family planning and employee health has paid off in lower birth rates, better health indicators as well as significant savings in insurance and medical benefits expenses for Nippon Express Co., Ltd., Japan. Nippon Express is now an international corporation with 48,00 employees. "Nittsu" as it is known, began a family planning program in 1956 by hiring qualified professional family planning nurses and midwives, producing its own educational materials and selling contraceptives at reduced rates. The family planning program was expanded to the extent that it has its own Managing Council with Local Councils run democratically, users employees and their spouses as volunteers with group guidance, and provides services at community health centers in rural areas. Now there are 63,000 households covered, activities encompass recreation and home economics, and the health focus has broadened to family health and to include risk factors for disease of middle age. The program has reduced the birth rate of employees from 19.5% to 8.2%, and the abortion rate to 1/10 the initial level, cut the dependency rate of the work force 50%, lowered absenteeism by 2/3, accidents to 1/10, and improved employee loyalty and morale.^ieng

[Diagnosis of malignant bone and soft part tumors].

In most bone tumors, the patient's local symptoms, which are usually pain and/or swelling, are nonspecific. Laboratory studies are of little significance in the diagnosis of the bone tumors, except myeloma and metastatic prostatic carcinoma. Though a definitive diagnosis must be made histologically, roentgenograms afford practically conclusive evidence of the malignant or benign nature of bony lesions and often indicate the histologic type. Differential diagnosis of malignant bone tumors which were misled as benign conditions were mainly described, and advantages and disadvantages of radiologic imaging methods such as RI, CT, and MRI, were also discussed. In the diagnosis of malignant soft part tumors, aspiration biopsy was strongly recommended but this necessitates experts' hand to avoid dissemination of the tumor cells to the normal tissue.