Situaciones de cronicidad compleja y coordinación sociosanitaria / Complex chronic care situations and socio-health coordination

La atención centrada en la persona es una de las metas más perseguidas en los servicios de salud actuales. Es necesario poder garantizar un nivel suficiente de trabajo cooperativo y coordinado entre distintos proveedores y entornos, que incluya a la familia, y recursos sociales y comunitarios. La integración clínica se produce cuando el cuidado de los pacientes prestado por profesionales y proveedores se integra en un único y coherente proceso a través de las diferentes profesiones mediante el uso de guías y protocolos compartidos. Dicha coordinación puede desarrollarse a tres niveles: macro, que supone la integración de uno o más de los tres elementos básicos que sustentan la atención de salud (el plan de salud, la atención primaria y la atención especializada), con el objetivo de reducir la fragmentación de la atención; meso, donde se coordinan los servicios sanitarios y sociales para dar una atención integral a personas mayores y pacientes crónicos; y micro, cuando el objetivo es la mejora en la coordinación en pacientes individuales y cuidadores. La instauración de nuevos roles, como el de enfermeras de práctica avanzada, la mejora de la capacidad de resolución de médicos de familia en ciertos procesos, o la modificación del lugar de provisión de determinados servicios son claves para garantizar servicios adaptados a las necesidades de los pacientes crónicos

Patient-centered healthcare is currently one of the most pursued goals in health services. It is necessary to ensure a sufficient level of cooperative and coordinated work between different providers and settings, including family and social and community resources. Clinical integration occurs when the care provided by health professionals and providers is integrated into a single coherent process through different professions using shared guidelines and protocols. Such coordination can be developed at three levels: macro, which involves the integration of one or more of the three basic elements that support health care (the health plan, primary care and specialty care), with the aim of reducing fragmentation of care; meso, where health and social services are coordinated to provide comprehensive care to elderly and chronic patients; and micro, aimed to improve coordination in individual patients and caregivers. The implementation of new roles, such as Advanced Practice Nursing, along with improvements in family physicians’ problem-solving capacity in certain processes, or modifying the place of provision of certain services are key to ensure services adapted to the requirements of chronic patients

[Complex chronic care situations and socio-health coordination]. / Situaciones de cronicidad compleja y coordinación sociosanitaria.

Patient-centered healthcare is currently one of the most pursued goals in health services. It is necessary to ensure a sufficient level of cooperative and coordinated work between different providers and settings, including family and social and community resources. Clinical integration occurs when the care provided by health professionals and providers is integrated into a single coherent process through different professions using shared guidelines and protocols. Such coordination can be developed at three levels: macro, which involves the integration of one or more of the three basic elements that support health care (the health plan, primary care and specialty care), with the aim of reducing fragmentation of care; meso, where health and social services are coordinated to provide comprehensive care to elderly and chronic patients; and micro, aimed to improve coordination in individual patients and caregivers. The implementation of new roles, such as Advanced Practice Nursing, along with improvements in family physicians' problem-solving capacity in certain processes, or modifying the place of provision of certain services are key to ensure services adapted to the requirements of chronic patients.

Living with chronicity and complexity: Lessons for redesigning case management from patients' life stories - A qualitative study.

RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Case management is commonly used to provide health care for patients with multiple chronic conditions. However, the most effective form of team organization and the necessary support structures need to be identified. In this respect, patients' views could provide a valuable contribution to improving the design of these services. To analyse the experiences of patients with chronic diseases and of caregivers, in relation to health care services and mechanisms, and to identify means of modelling case management services. METHODS: The method used was a qualitative study based on life stories, and semi-structured interviews with 18 patients with complex chronic diseases and with their family caregivers, selected by purposeful sampling in primary health care centres in Andalusia (southern Spain) from 2009 to 2011. RESULTS: Three transition points were clearly identified: the onset and initial adaptation, the beginning of quality-of-life changes, and the final stage, in which the patients' lives are governed by the complexity of their condition. Health care providers have a low level of proactivity with respect to undertaking early measures for health promotion and self-care education. Care is fragmented into a multitude of providers and services, with treatments aimed at specific problems. CONCLUSIONS: Many potentially valuable interventions in case management, such as information provision, self-care education and coordination between services and providers, are still not provided.

Acquiring Competence in Oncology Nursing Skills Through the Use of Film: A Study Protocol.

PURPOSE: To determine the influence of movies as a teaching resource with nursing students to improve their ability to cope with challenging scenarios in oncology nursing, as well as their competence to identify nursing diagnoses in these patients. METHODS: Cluster, randomized controlled trial with nursing students at the University of Málaga (Spain). MEASURES: Accuracy of nursing diagnoses, perceived stressors, death anxiety, empathy, level of decision making, and cognitive closure. CONCLUSIONS: This study will provide information about the efficacy of movies to improve the competence in nursing students for the care of oncology patients, as well as their diagnostic reasoning. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: If significant modifications are obtained, this approach can be an important resource applicable to other contexts of patient care.