ABSTRACT
Melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer. Since diagnosis is visual, it is critical to evaluate if students acquire enough knowledge for early detection during medical school. To assess the melanoma knowledge of first-year (freshman) and sixth-year (senior) medical students, in a Brazilian Institution. It was a transversal and quantitative study. A questionnaire with sociodemographic data, knowledge about melanoma, and the habit of skin self-exam was filled out by medical students. A total of 128 first-year and 122 seniors students were included. All the sixth-year students knew melanoma as a skin cancer compared with 46.09% of the first-year students. Melanoma clinical characteristics were known by 30.51% of the freshman and 97.54% of seniors. However, they did not know the most usual site of melanoma occurrence (79.66% of first-year students and 24.59% of senior). About the skin self-exam, only 50% of first-year students and 53.28% of senior had the habit of doing it sometimes. Medical school was effective in providing knowledge about melanoma and its features. However, this was not reflected in an increase in the number of students that did the skin self-exam, which indicates the need for new approaches in teaching.
Subject(s)
Melanoma , Skin Neoplasms , Students, Medical , Brazil , Humans , Melanoma/diagnosis , Melanoma/prevention & control , Schools, Medical , Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis , Skin Neoplasms/prevention & control , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The dosimetric response of a multi guard ring structure (MGR) diode has been studied with clinical electron beam energies from 5â¯MeV to 15â¯MeV. The results showed that the MGR dose response is linear in the range of 5-320â¯cGy and presents reproducibility with variation coefficients less than 0.4%. The field output factors measured with the MGR agreed within 2% with those measured with an ionization chamber. This study evidences that this diode can be used for clinical electron beam dosimetry.
ABSTRACT
No presente trabalho, säo relatados resultados obtidos a partir de avaliaçäo ergométrica e cardiorrespiratória ao exercício (ergoespirométrica), em idosos, sadios ou portadores de doença cardiovascular, incluídos em programa de condicionamento físico em nosso Serviço. Nossa experiência tem confirmado que um programa de atividade física regular supervisionada, mesmo quando iniciado em idade avançada, pode trazer benefícios para indivíduos sadios ou näo, independentemente do sexo. A adoçäo de hábitose vida ativa atenua a reduçäo da capacidade física associada a idade ou doençae, portanto, pode melhorar a qualidade de vida nessa populaçäo. A heterogeneidade de comportamento do idoso implica a necessidade de individualizaçäo de condutas. Assim, a avaliaçäo da capacidade física ao início e no decorrer do treinamento físico tem-se mostrado essencial para adequaçäo da prescriçäo da intensidade de exercício. Ademais, individualizaçäo do tratamento parece ser ponto importante para a permanência nos prograade reabilitaçäo. A prescriçäo de treinamento físico baseada na resposta cronotrópica, ou seja, na reserva de frequência cardíaca ou na frequência cardíaca máxima, exibe limitaçöes, podendo superestimar a capacidade funcional de indivíduos jovens e idosos. A popularizaçäo de avaliaçäo cardiorrespiratória ao exercício pode proporcionar a realizaçäo rotineira de prescriçäo de treinamento físico baseada näo apenas na frequência cardíaca, mas principalmente no estresse metabólico causado pelo exercício, torano os programas mais preciosos e adequados. Apesar dos benefícios aqui demostrados, em diversas condiçöes, altos índices de desistência e obsenteísmo enfatizam a importância de conscientizar o idoso e o profissional de saúde quanto à necessidade de adoçäo e/ou manutençäo de um estilo de vida ativo.
Subject(s)
Aged , Exercise , Exercise Therapy , Cardiovascular Diseases , Work Capacity EvaluationABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To study characteristics of the natural history of mitral stenosis (MS) in patients that have no correlation between mitral valve areas (MVA) and symptoms. METHODS: We studied 18 patients with MS, that presented no correlation between MVA and functional class (FC), 16 (89%) were female and two (11%) men, with age ranging from 16 to 54 (mean 33) years. Patients assigned to group A (8 cases) had FC III and MVA > or = 1.5 cm2 and group B (10 cases) FC I/II and MVA < 1.1 cm2. FC and MVA at the start (initial time-It) and after 12 months or before surgical correction (SC) or percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty (PBV) (final time-Ft) were compared. All patients with predict O2 uptake (%PRED VO2) at It were evaluated. RESULTS: Five (63%) patients of group A, that maintained MVA > or = 1.5 cm2, changed to FC I/II but three (38%) needed a SC or PBV (2 with lesser MVA at Ft). At group B, six (60%) patients needed SC or PBV. CONCLUSION: MS patients with MVA > or = 1.5 and FC III, providing MVA do not decrease, improves their FC, becoming it more compatible with MVA %PRED VO2. The cases of group B presented the greatest probability of needing SC or PVB.
Subject(s)
Mitral Valve Stenosis/physiopathology , Adolescent , Adult , Catheterization , Electrocardiography , Female , Functional Residual Capacity , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mitral Valve Stenosis/therapy , PrognosisABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To study methodological aspects and results of cardiopulmonary exercise tests in elderly. METHODS: Twenty-five men (mean age 65 +/- 5 years) performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test using a bicycle ergometer and a progressive continuous work load increase protocol was employed. A computadorized system (2001 CAD/Net System-MGC), which includes a gas analyser and a pneumotacograph, was used for on line monitoring of oxygen and carbon dioxide expired fraction and also of pulmonary flow. RESULTS: We observed the following values of oxygen uptake, pulmonary ventilation and respiratory gas exchange: rest=4 +/- 1 ml/kg-1/min-1, 11 +/- 2 l/min-1 and 0.80 +/- 0,1, respectively: anaerobic threshold=12 +/- 3 ml/kg-1/min-1, 29 +/- 6 l/min-1 and 0.90 +/- 0.1, respectively: respiratory compensation point=18 +/- 4ml/kg-1/min-1, 47 +/- 1 l/min-1 and 1.07 +/- 0.1, respectively, and peak of exercise = 13 +/- 5 ml/kg-1/min-1, 76 +/- 18 l/min-1 and 1.21 +/- 0.2, respectively. The anaerobic threshold and the respiratory compensation point were achieved at 53 +/- 11 and 77 +/- 9% of peak oxygen uptake respectively. The elderly shown slightly increased values of the relation volume dead/tidal volume at rest with a slightly smaller decrease of its values during exercise in comparison to data obtained from young healthy untrained subjects. The heart rate prescription for exercise based on the heart rate reserve was higher than that based on the cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses (113-126bpm vs 96-114bpm). CONCLUSION: The cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses pattern in the elderly is quite heterogeneous. The heart rate prescription for exercise based on conventional stress tests seems to overestimate cardiorespiratory and metabolic capacity in healthy elderly men. The determination of anaerobic threshold and respiratory compensation point from cardiopulmonary exercise test data optimize exercise prescription for healthy elderly men.