ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Recent evidence suggests that additional analgesic regimens to periprostatic nerve block (PPNB) anesthesia provide substantial pain relief during transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy. In this regard, we investigated the efficacy and safety of tramadol alone or in combination with parecoxib as adjunct regimens to PPNB anesthesia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 51 participants were randomly allocated into three study groups: Group 1 received PPNB anesthesia, Group 2 received tramadol and PPNB anesthesia, whereas Group 3 received both tramadol and parecoxib as adjunct regimens to PPNB anesthesia. The pain was evaluated at three different time points during biopsy: at the time of probe insertion (NRS1), at the time of PPNB anesthesia (NRS2), and at the time of the actual biopsy itself (NRS3), using a numeric rating scale (NRS) of pain. Safety was evaluated by the occurrence of complications and adverse effects. RESULTS: The mean NRS1 score was statistically significantly different in Groups 2 and 3 than in Group 1 (2.4 ± 1.3 and 1.1 ± 1.2 vs. 4.5 ± 1.8; p <0.0167). We found a statistically significant difference regarding NRS 2 score in Groups 2 and 3 than in Group 1 (2.6 ± 1.4 and 1.1 ± 1.3 vs. 4.1 ± 1.3; p <0.0167). The mean NRS1 and NRS2 scores were found to be statistically significantly different in Group 3 than in Group 2 (1.1 ± 1.2 vs. 2.4 ± 1.3 as well as 1.1 ± 1.3 vs. 2.6 ± 1.4; p <0.0167). Also, a statistically significant difference was found between Groups 2 and 3 regarding hematuria episodes [0 (0.0) vs. 5 (29.4); p <0.0167]. CONCLUSION: Tramadol as an adjunct regimen to PPNB anesthesia is a safe and straightforward technique that provides a significant analgesic effect. The effectiveness is even higher when tramadol is combined with parecoxib. HIPPOKRATIA 2020, 24(4): 166-172.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Solid, fat-containing tumors of the testes are extremely rare with only a few cases having been reported so far, contrary to the more frequent occurrence of paratesticular lipomatosis. Testicular angiomyolipomas and gonadal involvement in Cowden's disease, although infrequently occurring, are known examples of fat-bearing testicular lesions. Hereby, we present an extremely rare case of intratesticular angiolipoma. Angiolipomas are benign tumors of the subcutaneous tissue commonly occurring in the trunk and the extremities. Histologically, they are characterized by ample vascularity and an excess of mature adipocytes. Definitive diagnosis is established by biopsy of the lesion. PRESENTATION OF THE CASE: A 35-year-old patient presented to our andrology outpatient clinic for fertility assessment. Physical examination of external genitalia revealed no significant pathology. Testicular ultrasound however depicted an isoechoic lesion on the upper pole of the right testis measuring 1.8 cm × 0.8 cm × 1 cm and exhibiting intense arterial flow. After sonographic and MRI investigation, the patient was referred for semen analysis and cryopreservation. Subsequently, the patient underwent testicular biopsy (frozen section biopsy) and right partial orchiectomy. Final histology reported a noninfiltrating testicular angiolipoma. No recurrences have been observed in the follow-up period. DISCUSSION: Angiolipomas, which mainly occur in the trunk and extremities, are classified as infiltrating and noninfiltrating. The diagnosis is based on both clinical and histologic criteria, and the main method of treatment for both types is by surgical excision. The infiltrating type exhibits higher recurrence rates. CONCLUSION: Angiolipomas commonly occur in the subcutaneous tissue and have been invariably treated by radical excision. Hereby, we report the first case of an intratesticular, noninfiltrating type angiolipoma which was treated by partial orchiectomy.
