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1.
Antibiot Khimioter ; 59(5-6): 41-5, 2014.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25552043

ABSTRACT

The publication is concerned with development of the technological processes for submered production of the first domestic antibiotics 70 years age. The literature data on the contribution of the microbiologists of the Kirov City and mainly the workers of the Red Army Research Institute of Epidemiology and Hygiene (nowadays Central Research Institute No. 48 of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Kirov), to development of the manufacture processes for production of penicillin and streptomycin are reviewed.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/history , Industrial Microbiology/history , Penicillins/history , Streptomycin/history , Academies and Institutes/history , Anti-Bacterial Agents/biosynthesis , Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Fermentation , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Industrial Microbiology/methods , Penicillins/biosynthesis , Penicillins/isolation & purification , Russia , Streptomycin/biosynthesis , Streptomycin/isolation & purification
2.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19623715

ABSTRACT

AIM: Efficacy of modern fluoroquinolones for urgent prophylaxis and treatment of experimental glanders was studied. In experiments on laboratory animals in vivo, it was shown that sparfloxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin were highly effective for urgent prophylaxis and treatment of glanders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Golden hamsters of both sexes, with weight 80 - 100 g, were inoculated with 100 LD50 of 48-hour agar culture of Burkholderia mallei (strain ts-5). Commercial preparations of 2 - 4th generations of fluoroquinolones: sparfloxacin (Sparflo, India), gemifloxacin (Faktiv, Russia), moxifloxacin (Avelox, Germany), pefloxacin (Abactal, Slovenia), levofloxacin (Eleflox, India), lomefloxacin (Lomeflox, India), ofloxacin (Russia). Urgent prophylaxis started 3 hours after inoculation with duration of 10 days, whereas treatment started 24 hours after inoculation with duration of 15 days. Daily dose of pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, of loxacin was divided on 2 parts, which were administered with 12-hour interval; other drugswere administered once a day. RESULTS: All studied drugs, excluding lomefloxacin, were highly effective for urgent prophylaxis and treatment of experimental glanders and provided 80 - 100% protection. CONCLUSION: Third-fourth generations of fluoroquinolones: sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin were highly effective against agent of glanders in in vivo experiments. They are promising drugs for the development of schemes for urgent prophylaxis and treatment of glanders in humans.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Burkholderia mallei , Fluoroquinolones/therapeutic use , Glanders/drug therapy , Animals , Aza Compounds/therapeutic use , Cricetinae , Female , Gemifloxacin , Levofloxacin , Male , Mesocricetus , Moxifloxacin , Naphthyridines/therapeutic use , Ofloxacin/therapeutic use , Quinolines/therapeutic use
3.
Antibiot Khimioter ; 52(11-12): 21-4, 2007.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19275053

ABSTRACT

Comparative in vitro and in vivo efficacy of new fluoroquinolones with respect to pathogens of tularemia, glanders, melioidosis and anthrax was estimated. It was shown that the strains of the tularemia, glanders, melioidosis and anthrax pathogens were in vitro highly susceptible to the new agents. The experiments on laboratory animals demonstrated that pefloxacin and sparfloxacin had extremely broad spectra and were of special value in emergency prophylaxis of tularemia, glanders, melioidosis and anthrax.


Subject(s)
Anthrax/drug therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Fluoroquinolones/pharmacology , Glanders/drug therapy , Melioidosis/drug therapy , Tularemia/drug therapy , Animals , Anthrax/microbiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bacillus anthracis/drug effects , Burkholderia pseudomallei/drug effects , Cricetinae , Fluoroquinolones/therapeutic use , Francisella tularensis/drug effects , Glanders/microbiology , Guinea Pigs , Melioidosis/microbiology , Mesocricetus , Tularemia/microbiology
5.
Antibiot Khimioter ; 35(6): 29-31, 1990 Jun.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2400288

ABSTRACT

Antibacterial activity of 32 chemotherapeutics against 15 strains of Yersinia ++pseudotuberculosis was studied in vitro. The majority of the strains or 80% were sensitive to penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclins , anzamycins, fluorine derivatives of quinolonecarboxylic acid, levomycetin and a combination of trimethoprim and ++sulfamethoxazole. It was shown that with respect to the Y. pseudotuberculosis strains with multiple antibiotic resistance, the fluorine derivatives of quinolonecarboxylic acid (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and enoxacin), tetracyclines, netilmicin, amikacin, cefotaxime and cefazolin were promising for in vivo studies.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Yersinia pseudotuberculosis/drug effects , Culture Media , Drug Resistance, Microbial , In Vitro Techniques , Microbial Sensitivity Tests
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